Tows Analysis - 8613 Words

1 The TOWS Matrix --A Tool for Situational Analysis Heinz Weihrich*, Professor of Management, University of San Francisco This article has two main purposes One is to review general considerations in strategic planning and the second to introduce the TOWS Matrix for matching the environmental threats and opportunities with the company s weaknesses and especially its strengths. These factors per se are not new; what is new is systematically identifying relationships between these factors and basing strategies on them. There is little doubt that strategic planning will gain greater prominence in the future. Any organization—whether military, product oriented, service-oriented or even governmental—to remain effective, must use a†¦show more content†¦It is assumed that the purpose of the firm has already been established, yet is subject to change after an evaluation of the situation. Inputs People Capital Managerial Skills Technical Skills Goals of Claimants Enterprise Profile Present External Environmen External Treats and Opportunities Evaluation and Strategic Choice Medium Range Planning Forecast of Future Environmen Alternative Strategies Short Range Planning Resource Audit Internal Weaknesses and Strengths Implementation Consistency Testing Contingency Planning Figure 1. Strategic planning process Long Range Planning  © Heinz Weihrich 3 Although specific steps in the formulation of theShow MoreRelatedTOWS Analysis of Groupon Inc.1564 Words   |  6 PagesTOWS Analysis TWOS is a planning tool used by managers to strategize and position their business in the order that assures sustained positive performance. TOWS is simply an inverted SWOT common used on analyzing performance and position of businesses. while SWOT begins with strength, weakness, opportunity and then threats faced by a business, TOWS matrix of business analysis begins with threats, opportunities, weaknesses then strengths faced by a business in that order. Under TOWS matrix of businessRead MoreTOWS Matrix Analysis of Interface Inc.1133 Words   |  4 PagesThe TOWS Matrix has been introduced by Heinz Weihhrich in 1982 and therefore analyzes the competitive advantages of a company and lead to the development of different strategies. It is a conceptual framework for systematic analysis that facilitates matching of the external environmental factors (Threats and Opportunities) with the internal ones (Strengths and Weaknesses) of the organization. It is a two- by- two cell approach that assists companies to determine their strategies. By applying thisRead MoreIkea Tows Analysis960 Words   |  4 PagesStudy paper on ikea TOWS Maxi-Maxi We have chosen to elaborate on the maxi-maxi problem which maximizes the strong sides and maximize the opportunities. The problem which we have discovered is that IKEA should focus on promoting their green products because it is a growing trend all over the world and we assume that it will keep growing for many years to come. This problem will be solved by using Ansoff’s intensification strategy. Therefore we have chosen to focus on the marketing mix inRead MoreThe Tows Matrix : Swot Analysis942 Words   |  4 PagesThe tows matrix explains what the SWOT of Nike today. In this graph of SWOT matrix, we would like to explore what is possible for us to do in dealing with those elements in the business, externally and internally. Simply said, external comes from opportunities and threats, while internal comes from strengths and weaknesses of Nike. Corporate and Business Strategies Corporate strategy is the overall scope and direction of an organization. It indicates how managers are adding value to the businessRead MoreTesla Analysis(Pestel Tows Swot ...)1522 Words   |  7 Pages ecological: * Increase of green consumption, interest for sustainable development * Introduction of zero emission vehicle in 1990 * Firms are more and more focused on 3P’s responsibilities : profit, planet, people Short financial analysis  : * Decrease of growth of sales (hefty price tag) * Increase of cost of goods sold (high prince of battery for example) * Total revenue tends t decrease since the crisis * Cash flows issues (important loan, loose of money, lack ofRead MoreAnalysis Swot Tows and Financial Herman Miller1938 Words   |  8 PagesFinancial Ratios and Analysis of Herman Miller Liquidity Ratios Liquidity ratios for a company help whomever is analyzing the data determine the company’s liquidity. When a company has good liquidity they are able to pay off their short term debt without having to take out any additional financing. We will look at Herman Miller’s current ratio for 2009 and 2010. The current ratio is calculated by taking the company’s current assets and dividing it by the current liabilities. It shows how manyRead MoreHarley Davidson case analysis -- with IFE, EFE, CPM, and TOWS matrix...1588 Words   |  7 PagesHarley sold 157,152 motorcycles in 1998 but only 136,700 in 1999.051.05 Total13.14 Since the weighted score of Harley-Davidson is 3.14 and it is above the 2.5 average score it indicates that the company has a strong internal position. Environmental Analysis External Factor Evaluation Matrix Key External Factors OpportunitiesWeightRatingWeighted Score 1. The International heavyweight market is growing.154.6 2. The company has attempted to create an increased awareness of the Harley-Davidson brandRead MoreWal-mart case analysis. This paper includes SWOT/TOWS analysis, PEST analysis, environemental scan and strategic analysis.5493 Words   |  22 Pagesparallel processor) computer system to track stock and movement which keeps it abreast of fast changes in the market. Information related to sales and inventory is disseminated via its advanced satellite communications system. VI. SWOT/TOWS ANALYSIS A. SWOT ANALYSIS Strengths Weaknesses 1. Worlds number 1 retailer2. Customer service3. Supercenters offer one stop shopping4. Satisfaction guaranteed program promoting customer goodwill5. Company culture and employee motivation6. High bargaining powerRead MoreSignha Beer: Boon Rawd Brewery. Thai Beer Industry with Five-forces and SWOT Analysis, TOWS Matrix, Perceptual Map, Positioning.1048 Words   |  5 Pages 1. PROBLEM/KEY ISSUE _How can Boon Rawd Brewery maintain its competitiveness in Thailands alcoholic beverages market as the legal enforcement of total ban regulations on alcoholic drink advertisements become effective?_ PORTERS FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS OF BEER INDUSTRY IN THAILAND (AS CONSOLIDATED INDUSTRY) THREAT OF NEW ENTRANTS - LOW Entry barriers (i.e. huge capital investments in breweries) are high resulting in low threat of new entrants. THREAT OF SUBSTITUTE PRODUCTS - HIGH Other typesRead MoreFinal Strategic Plan. Business Overview. Alfa Star Towing1702 Words   |  7 PagesOverview Alfa Star Towing offers services in roadside assistance, towing, and vehicle storage solutions. The company services the greater Puget Sound area from Seattle to Tacoma to Black Diamond. Alfa Star Towing is a Seattle, WA certified Registered Tow Truck Operator (RTTO) Company, signifying that we are governed by the WA State Legislature to have fair prices and that we are held accountable for our actions (Washington State Department of Licensing, 2013). Mission Statement Alfa Star Towing’s mission

Media Violence - 1105 Words

Censorship of Violence in Popular Entertainment is NOT Justified â€Å"When I was at church they taught me something else/ If you preach hate at the service those words arent anointed/ That holy water that you soak in has been poisoned/ When everyone else is more comfortable remaining voiceless/ Rather than fighting for humans that have had their rights stolen/ I might not be the same, but thats not important/ No freedom till were equal, damn right I support it.† These are lyrics from a song called â€Å"Same Love† about marriage equality by rapper Macklemore. Rap is the one genre of music that Robert Peters singled out as being consistently and always violent in his article â€Å"Censorship of Violence in Popular Entertainment is Justified†.†¦show more content†¦He also singles out one genre of music and makes an incredibly broad statement by saying that any and all rap music is violent when what he should have done is given examples of certain Snoop Lion songs where he talks about shooting up Crips because he is a member of the violent Blood gang. He sets himself up for a great argument throughout this article. He named off his first three out of four main points in the article but doesn’t show any evidence after the claims to support his points. He takes us back to his childhood in an unnecessary time to tell us that back in the day, he and his brothe r played an outdated version of cowboys and Indians. Which could show how violence in media is easily imitated by anyone but to connect with his more recent audience, he should have a bit more examples under his belt to show the modern, violent world how violence is being effected by media today. He could use Columbine as an example for violence in media being easily imitated because it was a shooting where young kids went to their high school with guns and everyone believed that they were imitating video games that they had been playing. If Peters wants to accurately depict the violence in media today, he should be using examples everyone can relate to. Robert Peters may have gone to prestigious schools and may work for a big company that are working to make the world a better place, but with the argument that there is too much violence in media, heShow MoreRelatedMedia Violence And The Media Essay864 Words   |  4 PagesExposure to the media violence may be especially problemati c in late adolescence. Television and other media play a major role in adolescent socialization and identity development by providing perspectives, values, ideologies, and behavior models (Arnett G., Roberts D. et al.). The socializing role of television in particular may be ampliï ¬ ed by the large amount of time young people spend with this medium. Speciï ¬ cally, 18- to 24-year-olds spend more time watching television and movies than youngerRead MoreMedia Violence1535 Words   |  7 Pagesat looking at the potentially harmful effects of the consumption of violent media and the impact it has on psychological factors. Two psychological factors that have been researched are empathy and aggression and how violent media influences these two emotions. Theories that have tried explaining the pathway from the viewing of violence in media and the impact on aggression have generally focused on the role of violent media being used by consumers as observational learning and promoting th e developmentRead MoreMedia Violence and Violence in Society1059 Words   |  4 Pagesprogramming contains some violence, there should be more and more violent crime after television is available† (Freedman). Many suggest the violence in media is causing violence in society but then how is it that violent crimes are actually decreasing in the United States. The violence that is occurring is actually due from the mentally ill, poor parenting, and the location of where one lives in society. Violence has actually decreased over the decades even though media has more violence than ever beforeRead MoreThe Effects Of Media Violence In The Media1212 Words   |  5 Pages Introduction With the recent increase in media presence throughout the world, there has also been an increase in violence portrayed through the media. Media violence is believed to be causing aggression in today’s youth and society. This paper will examine the potential reasons on how media violence is causing aggression Review of Literature In a study conducted, media psychologists, mass communication scientists, pediatricians, and parents all completed an anonymous online survey that asked whetherRead MoreViolence in Mass Media594 Words   |  2 PagesViolence in Mass Media Violence is everywhere and in everything from what we see to what we hear. Today’s society has become acquainted with the violence in video games, tv shows, movies, and music since it is everywhere but many have become too attached to this violence and brought it to real life. Many assume that getting rid of this violence is essential to a more passive and peaceful society but there are more benefits to the portail of violence that society sees today. One of the key itemsRead MoreMedia, Violence, And Violence Essay1892 Words   |  8 Pageswould be the media. Media and violence are both very wide and broad concepts that have massive impacts in our society, and it is important to distinguish their relationship with each other. The types of media are things such as violent video games, films, newspapers, magazines and television. One particular type of media that is often very problematized is violent video games. Different studies have shown convincing and unconvincing correlational in regards to the media and violence, but to whomRead MoreMedia, Violence, And Violence Essay1949 Words   |  8 Pageswould be the media. Media and violence are both very wide and broad concepts that have massive impacts in our society, and it is important to distinguish their relationship with each other. The types of media are things such as violent video games, films, newspapers, magazines and television. One particular type of media that is ofte n very problematized is violent video games. Different studies have shown convincing and unconvincing correlational in regards to the media and violence, but to whomRead MoreThe Effects Of Media Violence On Behavioral Violence916 Words   |  4 PagesEffects of Media Violence on Behavioral Violence in Young Adults in America The influence of mass media has progressively increased in American society, but can the media have effects beyond mere entertainment and impartial information? American culture has become saturated with online news reports, social media, and media entertainment. Technology has become a major factor in America’s social environment. Much of the information gained from digital sources involves or portrays violence, and manyRead MoreMedia Violence And Its Effects1057 Words   |  5 Pages Media violence exposure has been investigated as a risk factor for aggression behavior for years. The impact of exposure to violence in the media the long term development and short term development of aggressive behavior has been documented. Aggression is caused by several factors, of which media violence is one. Research investigating the effects of media violence in conjunction with other predictors of aggression such as; environmental factors and dysfunction within the family household,Read MoreThe Effects Of Violence On The Media1550 Words   |  7 PagesThe effect of violence in the media is a big controversy; some say it affects are society and others say that there is not any proof of this. There are many theories on how violence in media does, and how it does not, affect our society. Many people claim watching television or even playing video games will affect children’s or young adults’ minds. Researches claim that they found no evidence of change in aggr essiveness in children or young adults while playing video games. Researchers allowed children

Balance Sheet and Following Account Balances Free Essays

Retained earnings 109,oho 712,000 712. 000 b. Actual sales for December and budgeted sales for the next four months are as follow s: – December (actual) 2800 units It is expected that sales will increase by 40% in the month of January and by a further 50% in the next month. We will write a custom essay sample on Balance Sheet and Following Account Balances or any similar topic only for you Order Now The following month sales would drop by 50% an d then will will ream remain in cons Tanta for for the next next 2 moon months this – The management will not alter the selling price, which is currently $100 – Management wants finished goods inventory to be 20% of the following month’s sales – One units of finished goods require 2 kilos of raw materials. – The price of materials is currently $10 per kilo and is expected to increase by 50% in February hereafter it will remain constant for the next four months. – The management wants raw materials inventory to be 10% of the following month’s p reduction needs – Each unit of product requires 2 hours of direct materials for completion. – The laborers are expected to work for a total of 4000 hours per month at a wage rat e Of $6 per hour. Any additional work requires an overtime payment of time and a half. – Manufacturing overhead: variable: $5 per labor hours worked; fixed $17000 per MO nth. – Sales are 20% for cash and 80% on credit. Half of the credit sales are collected in the month following sale while the remaining half is collected in second month after the sales. The accounts receivable at December 31 are a result of December credit sales. – Monthly expenses are budgeted as follows: salaries and wages, $10,000 per month: a advertising, $70,000 per month; shipping, 5% of sales; other expenses, 3% of sales. Depreciation, I including depreciation on new assets acquired during the quarter, will be $42,000 for the quart err. – One- half of a month’s raw materials purchases is paid for in the month of purchase; the to her half is paid in the following month. Shipping expenses are paid in the month following the shipment. , while advertising I s paid in one month’s advance. During February, the company will purchase a new copy machine for $1,700 cash. Du ring March, other equipment will be purchased for cash at a cost of $84,500. – During January, the company will declare and pay $45,000 in cash dividends. – Management wants to maintain a minimum cash balance of $30,000. The company h as an agreement with a local bank that allows the company to borrow in increments of $1,0 00 at the beginning of each month. The interest rate on these loans is 1% per month and for is How to cite Balance Sheet and Following Account Balances, Papers

Content Development Techniques for Video Games

Question: Discuss about theContent Development Techniques for Video Games. Answer: Introduction We are using computers for so many days now; we have newly experienced some fast pace high end software or apps. In present portable power of computing has come in form of laptops, netbooks, and tabloids. These machines allowed us to make our computing power carrying on our shoulders (Ling, 2008). People nowadays are very fond of playing games. If the device is fully charged then it may give you a back up of approx 20-24 hrs but if anyone is playing continuously in the phone then the device have to recharge after four to five hours. People need to connect with the internet for updating the games or downloading the games (Ong, 2010). For these they need have a mobile net connection or they need to present in a wifi zone to have that facilities. In developing countries mobile network availability and penetration is increasing in a dramatic way. It can also be apply for education: teaching and learning to take place anywhere. At present every game which is introducing is having a good graphics quality and internet update option available. At present a new game has introduced to find Pokemon. This game has to play online (StuÃÅ'ˆber, 2012). If someone connects their device with the internet they will show at the present location of pokemon in the screen which will match the present location of the owner of the device. Like this there are several games present at this point of time which can be played online with other players who are online. Sometimes games can be played in an offline mode when the other player will be the device owns self. At this report a brief description of the games future aspects is going to discuss. Back Ground https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g-XBvs4ShzE In 2004 members of Apple, mozila foundation and opera software started to develop Html5. Then in October 2006 W3C has announce that they will no more work in Xhtml and start working with WHAT working group to introduce Html as a technology (Osborn, 2011). In 2008 the first draft of Html 5 was published. It was written by Ian Hickson. From that point of time Html5 is continuously upgrading till date new features are adding regularly. On that time particularly Firefox 3 is also started to allow Html5 to view on their browser. In January 2010 Youtube offers Html5 video player. April 2010 when Steve Jobs declare they will never include Flash players in their Apple devices companies are started for opting to Html5. In May 2010 online documents Scribid switches to Html5.August 2010 Acrades Fires a Html5 based interactive film wins The Grand Prix award at the Cannes in the Cyber category. In December 2010 Chrome opens their web store in Html5. Here comes in March 2011 disney buys Html5 gami ng startup, which was a rocket pack. It breaks the rule of monopoly gaming policy (Lawson and Sharp, 2011), and they directly started building games on web by using Html5. Pandora switch to Html5 in july 2011. In august 2011 Amazon creates new kindle e book reader apps which will help their readers to access the e books. In that very month Twitter rolls out the new version for ipad. In September 2011 it was assessed that 34 percent of top 100 sites re using Html5. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eOG90Q8EfRo In September also Boston globe has uses a CSS3 design which allows the website to adapt the size of the screen. November 2011 adobe stops making Flash for mobiles and started to design Html5. In April 2012 Flickr gets a new Html 5 uploader. In june 2012 Linkedln creates their native apps in Html5 for Ipads. Only on that very month it was calculated by wix.com that over one lakh of users have created their websites through Html5. Concept Discussion https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rNS2m7zTryUlist=PLAwxTw4SYaPlUUkh6txMRXE-w-6N1Z225index=3 From the above link the idea of developing a HTML5 game can be gathered. How to load the images for the play back ground, what will be the codes of image sizes, compression can be adjusted, games we use to play we see their objects are moving. To move those objects need to upload several pictures of every moment to show the movement of the objects. Before start coding for Html5 games we need to select the size of the canvas for the game. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bLMnetaC7-c When a game is developing a sound effect is needed. To insert sound effects codes have to be written. From the above link sound inserting code can be formed. By using HTml5 coding a high end graphics game could be developed. Reference Ling, R. (2008). New tech, new ties. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. StuÃÅ'ˆber, G. (2012). Principles of mobile communication. New York: Springer. Ong, R. (2010). Mobile communication and the protection of children. Leiden: Leiden University Press. Osborn, J. (2011). Html5. Indianapolis, IN: Wiley. Lawson, B. and Sharp, R. (2011). Introducing HTML5. Berkeley, CA: New Riders.

Peasant Women in the Elizabethan Era Essay Example

Peasant Women in the Elizabethan Era Paper The howling wind sends chills up her ragged dress. Dirt and tears are smeared all over the woman’s face. In the reign of Queen Elizabeth I,peasant women were considered the lowest persons in the Elizabethan society. The impoverished women in the skirts of the town suffered. Women became servants for the nobles that owned manors. Many of them meander among the streets of England. Meager women were looked down upon by all public, including ladies who were royalty. They had a troublesome time trying to live in Elizabethan England.The poverty-stricken women in the Elizabethan Era were treated the worst. Women would have nowhere to turn or anyone to seek. In the Renaissance time period, they had the most difficult life. Women were the most miserable citizens in this era because of their hardships as servants, wanderers, and unmarried commoners. Poor Elizabethan women had the roughest lives because of servant hood. Most Elizabethans were laborers or servants â€Å"Majority of Elizabethans had little to do with country life, and much to do with working hard to earn a meager living†(Ed and Stock 181). A servant’s life was brutal. They would get scolded, punished and put to harsh labor. Daily work would include of cleaning every room in the manor, care for the livestock and work in the fields.However, it was even harder for women because most would not get picked to even become one. Poor women would be â€Å"lucky† if they were picked out of a crowd to be nobility’s servant. Impoverished women were thin and skinny. The nobles often wanted an able bodied man or child. More than one-fourth of Elizabethan citizens were below commoners â€Å"25 percent of the population may have been servants at the given time† (Weatherly 28). Women had a slimmer chance of being picked to work in a household. Poo r women could not work for food or shelter because of their weak bodies. Ladies of the Elizabethan Era had a grim life. Servant life was a harsh We will write a custom essay sample on Peasant Women in the Elizabethan Era specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Peasant Women in the Elizabethan Era specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Peasant Women in the Elizabethan Era specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

bortion and Pro Life essays

bortion and Pro Life essays The topic of abortion is one that is currently deadlocked and unless there is a piece of critical evidence that is released, each side will filibuster the issue until both sides are completely exasperated. Rather than comment on this stalemate, the purpose of this paper is to explore only one remote aspect of abortion: the pro-life argument as described through the writings of Don Marquis. This stance is widely shared by those religious activists, our current president and is the only determinate factor of who can be elected into the Supreme Court. The entire topic of abortion is the termination of a birth while it is still in the womb. Those who favor the mother retaining her right to abort the pregnancy are considered pro-choice while pro-life supporters hold the opposite to be true. The following reasons are employed by pro-life advocates to support their argument: it is seriously wrong to kill a human being or one of its ambiguous variants; killing is a form of brutalization , it is wrong to commit any form of killing out of respect to the victim and lacking human features is not grounds for being lenient in killing something. Each reason will be followed by a counterpoint and then a cross-examination to outweigh the counterpoint. Beginning with the ambiguous variants argument, Don Marquis, in his article Why Abortion is Immoral, develops the idea that all arguments presented before that attempt to put a time restraint on when a life begins. For us to focus on the main points of his argument, he has assumed all restraints to be true. If one restraint says a baby is human at conception, then the pro-life argument would have no problems saying that murder is being committed because the one-celled zygote at this particular stage is human. Conversely, if another restraint says a baby is human at birth, then a mother has every right to terminate her pregnancy even seconds before her delivery of the newb...

Quiz on Engineering Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Quiz on Engineering Design - Essay Example Assessment of use - decide on the purpose into which the building falls affects the calculation occupant capacity, especially where the actual population density is not known, an has implications for allowable travel distances and width of escape stairs. Calculation of occupant capacity - it is necessary to assess the number of people who are likely to be present in the different parts of the building. Assessment of escape routes and travel distances - check maximum travel distances from scaled floor plans. Assessment of number and widths of storey/room exits - Check that assumed numbers and widths of exits can cater for expected occupant numbers at each level. Access the need for protection and/or separation of escape routes - Establishment of the identified horizontal escape route need to be fire protected or separated form other parts of the building. 6. Why is it important to perform fire tests Answer: A fire test is a means to determine if a fire protection product would meet the minimum performance as set out by the building code. The consideration of fire testing is very important for the applicable intentions for product specification and product certification. It is also a prudent act to test products to ensure ease of use and the broad, economical applications with regards to its listing and approval use and the compliance. Fire test is also a means to gather data and information in order to understand a specific Hazard such as construction or storage configuration. 7. Why is it important to carry out more than one experiment to test the same parameter Answer: It is very important to carry out more that one experiment to test the same parameter In order to make sure that the object... B5 Access and Facilities for the Fire Service - This defines the requirements which ensure Adequate access to, and within , the building in order to fight fire. This makes no specific requirements relating to glazing, although it does refer to B5 5588. Assessment of use - decide on the purpose into which the building falls affects the calculation occupant capacity, especially where the actual population density is not known, an has implications for allowable travel distances and width of escape stairs. Access the need for protection and/or separation of escape routes - Establishment of the identified horizontal escape route need to be fire protected or separated form other parts of the building. Answer: Trench Effect is a combination of two well understood but separate ideas. The trench effect occurs when a fire burns next to a steepy-inclined surface. The flames are down along the surface, and it heats up the material farther going up. These will emit gases, reach the auto ignition temperature, then start burning. The flames from these area are subject to the Coanda effect and blow a jet of flame up to the end of the inclined surface. Answer

Important Attributes in Entrepreneurship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Important Attributes in Entrepreneurship - Essay Example This essay discusses that pursuit of an entrepreneurial dream starts with a viable dream. Entrepreneurship begins with conceptualizing a new idea, drawing a business plan, and making decision concerning the legal structure. Additionally, basic tactics such as pursuing an international opportunity or starting a new business venture, and financing issues are also considered before one can embark on the entrepreneurship journey. Most people, who venture into entrepreneurship, prefer a new business rather than already existing business opportunities. Some people begin with a desire to begin a business and then look for an idea while others start by having an exciting idea and then consider entrepreneurship later. However, there are basic issues that one must consider when considering an entrepreneurial venture. Some of these basic issues include finances, industry concerned, legal issues and potential risks and rewards. It is thus important for entrepreneur to consider various things tha t would boost or affect their success in the pursuit of small businesses. Entrepreneurship refers to the undertaking of innovations, or business acumen with the aim of transforming the innovations into useful economic goods. The undertaking may result in a new business or new organization. Entrepreneurial activities differ substantially depending on the conceptualized business idea and they range from solo business projects to major undertakings that create job opportunities. (Reuvid, 2008, p. 16). Most successful entrepreneurs demonstrate certain personal attributes such as dedication, creativity, flexibility, determination, passion, leadership, and self-confidence. Creativity is a spark that drives development of new services and products and pushes for improvement and innovation. Creativity allows for continuous learning, thinking beyond prescribed formulas, and questioning various possibilities. Determination is a strong desire to attain success and it includes ability to contin ue pursuing even during difficult times. It also persuades the entrepreneur to remain motivated and not necessarily by money gained from the business venture. Dedication motivates entrepreneurs to work hard and drive their ideas and plans. Flexibility refers to the entrepreneur’s ability to take a swift move in response to change in market conditions. Leadership is the capacity and ability to formulate rules, set goals, and ensure follow-through, and accomplishment of the established goals (Mariotti & Glackin, 2011, p. 63). Self-confidence rises from thorough planning since effective planning reduces uncertainty and risk. Effective planning requires expertise and skills. A self-confident entrepreneur is not easily intimidated or discouraged by market changes or challenges faced in business. More often, an entrepreneur will not demonstrate all these attributes and may lack one of them or even have only one or two of the attributes. The important thing is that the attributes ca n be learned. The entrepreneur, for instance, could hire someone to help him build or strengthen weak areas and attributes. Of importance is to know the personal strength and build on it while putting effort to minimize the weaknesses (Boone & Kurtz, 2010, p. 32). It is however, critical for entrepreneurs to ensure that they have developed these attributes for successful entrepreneurship. For instance, it is futile to start a business venture with little or no confidence in workability of the venture. Self-confidence instills optimism, which resembles fearlessness to face difficult odds. Self-confidence and determination helps one to see opportunities where other people see danger lurking (Bone & Kurtz, p. 240). Entrepreneurs conceive new ideas and devise innovative ways that helps overcome the difficult situations and problems. Creativity is a common denominator in entrepreneurship (Bone & Kurtz, p. 241). Besides the mentioned attributes, it is important to develop relevant values and integrate them within the business culture. Such

Military Personnal Experience Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Military Personnal Experience Paper - Essay Example Humanitarian Efforts in Panama 2007 Mission Development At the request of the Panamanian government through the U.S. Embassy in Panama, the 961st Engineering Battalion was deployed to the country as the part of the forces with the intention of helping the Panamanian residents whose schools, churches, hospitals and other vital installations needed repair and maintenance work. Upon receiving this request, our team immediately set out to make recommendations for the commander in charge of the mission in reference to how the 961st could help make a difference during this mission. Our recommendations resulted in the following proof of concept missions: â€Å"The mission is to happen in 3 phases. The first phase is the planning stage which was to be completed at least 8 months before deployment and will require the operations engineers to survey the work areas and the equipment that shall be needed in order to complete the work. The second phase of the mission is the deployment itself whe rein the 961st would help coordinate all the units, missions, and security for soldiers assigned to this mission. The final phase of the mission will require the same battalion to return to Panama one year later in order to survey the work done in the previous year and do any repairs required to maintain the integrity of the work provided.† Mission Implementation Once the mission development and analysis was finalized and approved by the commanding officer, I was chosen to hand pick my team amongst the Army Reservists listed in the reserve program because of my leadership abilities and skills relevant to program policy and operations, plans and reserve component integration. I was directed to immediately plan the transfer of these officers from their home bases to our newly established company for the humanitarian mission. I accomplished this task by providing the personnel section with the mission requirements and transfer justification documents which resulted in the mobiliz ation station in Fort Lee, Virginia, allowing these reservists to have a temporary change of station order assigned to them. Upon their arrival at the 961st home base, those with the relevant engineering backgrounds were immediately deployed to Panama for the completion of phase one. Phase I: Damage and Repair Assessment Phase I was one of the engineers on the advanced party team that went to Panama. While there, I collaborated with other team members regarding the painstaking plans for repair of the damaged schools, churches and hospitals. We came to realize that this was not going to be an easy task to accomplish but with a proper team work and cooperation from our immediate officers we could make a change in these people’s lives that they would never forget. Phase II: Mission Deployment By providing the Panamanian government with the necessary plans and concerns for the development and repair of their various infrastructures they were able to make proper representations wi th the U.S. Government through the U.S. Embassy in reference to the necessary materials and budgets in order to make the humanitarian effort a reality. The engineers of the 961st were immediately deployed to Panama the minute the mission deployment papers were finally

Archaeology Is The Study Of Human Society History Essay

Archaeology Is The Study Of Human Society History Essay Throughout the course of the semester, we have explored many different aspects concerning Greek archaeology. Archaeology is the study of human society, primarily through recovery and analysis of the material culture and environmental data which they have left behind, which includes artifacts, architecture, biofacts, and cultural landscapes (Wikipedia). The history of past cultures has been a fascinating topic of debate and discovery for hundreds of years. Many of us have been curious and interested in regards to our origin. Prehistoric remains often lie near the earths surface, especially stones and flints. These findings of the past lead to interest and eventually important examination as to where they came from. This is where archaeology comes into play. Archaeology has many distinct objectives, which span from studying human evolution to cultural evolution and understanding culture history. Archaeology involves surveying, excavations, and some time after analysis of the data colle cted. These all help us learn more about our past history. Archaeological field survey is very common. This is the method archaeologists use to search for archaeological sites and gather information about the setting, distribution, and order of previous human cultures across a great area. Archaeologists manage surveys to search for particular archaeological sites or kinds of sites, to find patterns in the spreading of material culture over regions, and to make a sweeping statement or test hypotheses about past cultures. Secondly, it is possible for an excavation to take place and uncover any archaeological artifacts buried under the ground. Excavation is the contact, processing, and recording of archaeological remains. Archaeological excavation has existed for quite some time now and remains to be the source of the majority of data recovered in most field projects, although it has improved a great deal throughout the years. An important aspect of excavations are they can expose many things that may not be easily reached by survey. For example, stratigraphy, which is a three-dimensional arrangement. Thirdly, the information retrieved from the excavation is studied and assessed in an attempt to reach the innovative research objectives of the archaeologists. Once artifacts and structures have been excavated, or received from surveys, it is important to correctly study them. This way we can gain as much data as possible. This is what is considered analysis of data, which tends to be the most time-consuming part of the whole process of discovering archaeological information. Unfortunately, these reports usually take quite some time to get published. Many archaeological remains have been discovered throughout the course of history through this archaeological process, and there are many that I consider to be most significant for the understanding of Greek civilization. Artifacts are possessions made by humans that are usually designed for a precise intention. Ancient artifacts are typically retrieved as part of an archeological dig, or excavation. The artifacts from the past are very significant and expressive. They represent characteristics of both the types of civilization and type of culture they were designed and used in. Archeologists are attentive to artifacts from ancient and prehistoric times, because they tell us more about ancient civilizations and their lives. If we examine the artifacts left behind by these civilizations, archeologists and scientists learn more about how the people during that time lived, hunted, cooked, etc. Artifacts also tell us how these people designed their homes and other buildings and what tools they used in daily life. Structures, such as houses are often areas in which many artifacts are found (The Importance of Artifacts). For example, The types of settlements and houses that are characteristic of the Early Bronze Age on the Greek mainland are large and dominated by well-built houses with complex ground plans, corridor houses appear to have served as residences for powerful families, and strong defensive walls of stones equipped with towers and gates (Runnels-Murray, 70). By studying these artifacts, archeologists can learn more about the culture and the social atmo sphere of these ancient civilizations. Archeologists also are interested in the clothing and jewelry worn by past civilizations. The way people dressed and what they used to adorn themselves often tells us a great deal about their belief system. Jewelry, in particular, often reflects the ideology of the culture, so these artifacts are particularly interesting. Ancient artifacts were manufactured in many different ways by many different societies and cultures. The methods used vary greatly between civilizations. Some ancient artifacts were made from bone or stone. Early man often used the natural products around him to create tools and weapons. Later civilizations used manufacturing processes to create tools and weapons (The Importance of Artifacts). Technically, prehistoric means before history, which begins when populations began keeping written records of the names of individual people and some account of the actions and events that took place in the past. Prehistoric cultures, by definition, are not known from such records; they are eternally anonymous and silent, known only from the work of archaeologists who have excavated buildings and burials, classified tools and weapons, and described and catalogued pottery, jewelry, and idols of now nameless and forgotten gods (Runnels-Murray 5). I believe almost all material remains should be considered most significant for understanding Greek culture. Each artifact has its own story and importance within a specific time period and some are even connected to others as well developed and advanced from pervious items. Many of these material remains have affected todays artists, historians, etc. According to Pedley, Acropolis and the Parthenon in Athens, and the Elgin Marbles signify Greek archaeology. These monuments mark the culmination of a long period of artistic development and reveal an early civilization of extraordinary achievement. In Greece lies the foundations of much of our Western civilization. Great philosophers, historians, poets, painters, etc. still influence the way we think and act and create today (Pedley, 11). I also believe the study of pottery and coins is important to the study of archaeology, because it can survive even in large quantities. They tell us their trade patterns, customs, beliefs, trade connections, etc. Pottery in particular can tell us about its evolution as an art form. Accordingly, pottery has become a critical tool for dating archaeological contexts and for dating and building or objects by stylistic analogy. Coins are another useful dating tool since they exist in large numbers and are often dated themselves by internal evidence; hence, they can help date the context in which they are found (Pedley, 28). Throughout the history art has played a vital role in all of our surroundings. Art is worldwide and because it is everywhere, we have occurrences with it on a daily basis. For example, from the houses we live in, architecture, to the plays and movies we see or participate in, theatre, to the novels that we read and may write, literature. Even in ancient times, art has played a critical role. Throughout time art, along with archaeological findings, has recorded history for us. Most art is created for a specific cause or intention for the most part. It has a way of making a statement, and a way of expressing ideas and beliefs. It can also record the experiences of all people. Art can be religious, symbolic, literal, traditional, etc. Archeologists hope to find some kind of material remains, and when they do it is important for them to consider more than the artifact itself. During an excavation, if archaeologists do find an artifact, they must also explore its meaning and significance as it relates to where the item was found. Where the item was found is very important, because this can often can help archeologists further understand its use and importance. When it comes to material culture, the more we know about the citizens and civilizations who have populated the world before us, the more we can comprehend and appreciate our past. With that said, by learning and accepting our past, we can have a much clearer view into our future

Mayans :: History

Mayans The Mayans believe that Mother Earth was a gigantic monster. It was an alligator, toad, and a turtle combined. Above her was a sky with a layer for each planet and spheres of movement for the sun and the moon. Below her was the underworld where heavenly bodies passed when out of sight. All around her were the spirits of rain and thunder. The deities of the food plants and animals attended her. All nature was alive and it was constantly dying and being reborn (Burland 1771). The Mayans are American Indian people who lived in southern Mexico (Miller "Maya" Grolier). The Yucatan was the center of the Mayan civilization from about the 1st century B.C. ("Yucantan" Grolier). They flourished in Mexico and central America from 250 to 1600 A.D. ("History of Agriculture" Grolier). Their ancestors had crossed the Bering land Bridge from Asia (Miller "Maya" Grolier). Honduras was once a part of the Mayan Empire. It had flourished between 250 and 950 A.D. (Seligson "Honduras" Grolier). The Mayans also had lived in Mexican states: Yucantan and Chiapas, British Honduras, Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador (Burland 1770) By 1200 B.C., they had dominated trade routes. The trade routes extended from the modern Mexico state of Guerrero to Costa Rica (Miller "Maya" Grolier). The Mayans had constant cultural and commercial contact from other tribes such as the Aztecs. They were with the central and coastal Mexican civilization that had influenced them and influenced other cultures (Harrison "History of Latin America" Grolier). The Mayans worshiped peace deities (Matthews 45). They also worshiped a creator who lived beyond the sky, and believed it was male and female. Mayans also believed that males were more important (Burland 1771). They explain this with the fact that man came first (Thompson Internet). They also believe in satisfying the creators and fear death. The Mayans had similar beliefs of creation and similar and not similar gods with the Greeks, had a belief in a Heaven and a Hell, four attempts at making humans and three different worlds made. The Greeks had believed there was nothing, that the world began with Chaos, which is similar to the Mayan belief that there was no Earth, no sun and no moon. The only existence was the house of Gucumatz, which is Heaven where the father and mother of all creatures lived. The other is the house of the Ahauab de Xibalba, which is Hell.

Vulnerable Population; Poor

Vulnerable Population: The Poor â€Å"A vulnerable population is a group or groups that are more likely to develop health- related problems, have more difficulty accessing health care to address those health problems, and are more likely to experience a poor outcome or shorter life span because of those health conditions. † (Maurer & Smith,2009, pp. 533) Poverty is linked with marked deprivation of well-being of an individual due to inability to meet basic needs.It could be due to lack of income or resources to buy goods and services or inability to access them. Thus poor people in the population are considered vulnerable as socioeconomic status is closely linked to a person’s health status. People who are poor or belong to low income group have difficulty in providing basic necessities of life e. g. food, clothing, and shelter for themselves and their families. They lack resources and opportunities to improve their quality of life. Their behavior and choices are determ ined by their socioeconomic status.In United States poverty is determined by comparing annual income to threshold which is set of dollar value that vary by family size, number of children and age of householders. If a family’s income is below their threshold that family is considered to be in poverty including all members. (Bishaw, & Macartney, 2010) According to the United States Census Bureau in the year 2011 the poverty rate was 15% indicating 46. 2 million people in poverty range. People living in poverty tend to live in certain neighborhoods rather than evenly distributing in different neighborhoods.This increases burden on families beyond their circumstances because disadvantageous neighborhood brings more problems in their lives. Resources in these areas are scarce as the area becomes disadvantageous banks, stores; shopping places or new business doesn’t go in these areas because they don’t see any profit. There is lack of good public schools, housing and sanitation are inadequate, access to health is non-existent and employment opportunities are limited. These people don’t have access to healthy food as it is expensive compare to unhealthy food which cost less and feed more people.They have more fast food places and liquor stores in their areas. There is no place or a safe place for physical activity and recreation as a result people stay at home this limits there physical activity as well as social interaction. The crime rate in such areas is high therefore residents face constant threat to their lives. Youth and adults do not have any positive outlet or recreation available and they adapt behavior as smoking, drinking alcohol and use of drugs.It was also shown in PBS videos that across the country polluting industries are found in communities where population is poor or belong to minority causing pollution and other health problems. Population living below poverty line usually doesn’t have health insurance. Even if they are employed they either do not get insurance from employer owing to small business or if they get insurance they do not enroll to save cost of monthly premium. For them basic needs are priority while health is secondary. Because of the cost they have to choose between needs and health.They usually delay seeking care or avoid going to health care altogether making them sicker. As a result they end up using acute care services e. g. emergency department and have poor health outcomes. In PBS video it was highlighted lack of health care is not the cause of their illness but chronic constant stress in their daily lives exposes them to risk of chronic diseases. High level of stress hormones over time increases arterial plaque raises blood pressure and weakens immune system. This can result in heart disease, diabetes and other diseases.There are certain initiatives by government to address these issues the first example is providing food stamps to the families who doesn’t have any source of income. In PBS video it was shown the amount sometime is not adequate enough to fulfill need of the family where a woman has 200 dollars for the month to feed four people. Second example is providing reduce price meals or free meals to school children whose family fall under poverty level. Finally PPACA has increase access to health care by ensuring health insurance for all but does it solve the problem? The poor population will be oing back to same stressful environment after treatment so they might become frequent visitor of healthcare facility with ongoing health issues increasing frustration in HCP as they will not see any improvement. I would like to conclude by saying to improve health status and life expectancy of this vulnerable population social reforms are essential to provide opportunity to improve quality of life along with improve access to health care. References Bishaw, A. United States census Bureau, (2011). Areas with concentrated poverty: 2006 œ2010 American community survey briefs (ACSBR/10-17).Retrieved from website: http://www. census. gov/prod/2011pubs/acsbr10-17. pdf Bishaw, A. , & Macartney, S. United States census Bureau, (2010). Poverty: 2008 and 2009 American community survey briefs (ACSBR/09-1). Retrieved from website: http://www. census. gov/prod/2010pubs/acsbr09-1. pdf Documentary series: Unnatural causes [Web]. (2008). Retrieved from http://www. unnaturalcauses. org/video_clips. php Maurer, F. , & Smith, C. (2009). Community/ public health nursing practice: health for families and population. (Fourth ed. , Chapter 21). Saunders.

When to Use Whom vs. Who

When to Use Whom vs. Who Knowing when to use whom versus who can be difficult for even the most careful writers and speakers. Many writers and grammarians hope the day comes when whom is cast aside and designated by dictionaries as archaic. Indeed, Paul Brians, a professor in the Department of English at Washington State University, says, Whom has been dying an agonizing death for decades. Until the last nail is placed in the coffin, however, it will be helpful to learn when to use whom versus who in various circumstances. How and When to Use Whom Put simply, use whom- which is a pronoun- when it is the object of a sentence. If you can replace the word with her, him, or them for example, use whom. Youll know when to use whom if the pronoun is used in the objective case, or action is being done to the pronoun. Take the sentence: Whom  do you believe? The sentence may sound pretentious, even snobbish. But it is correct because whom is the subject of the infinitive to, as well as the object of the sentence as a whole. Turn the sentence around so that the object is at the end: You were talking to whom? When you replace whom with him, it becomes even clearer: You were talking to him.Were you talking to him? When to Use Who If whom is used for the objective case, who is used for the subjective case- when the pronoun is the subject of the sentence, or the person creating the action. Take the sentence: Who is at the door? The pronoun who is the subject of the sentence. Check this by replacing who with a subjective pronoun, swapping in she or he for who, as in: She is at the door.He is at the door. Who is always used as the subject of a sentence or clause, and whom is always used as an object. Examples In the following sentences, who is correctly used in the subjective case. You can check this by replacing the pronoun who with another subjective pronoun, such as she, he, or you, for example: Who is coming to dinner? (He is coming to dinner?)Who was that masked man? (He was that masked man? or He was the masked man.)Sally is the woman who got the job. (She got the job.) As previously noted, youll know when to use whom if the pronoun is used in the objective case, or action is being done to the pronoun, as in: To Whom It May Concern. (It may concern him.)I dont know from whom the love letter came. (The love letter came from him.)They fought over whom? (They fought over him? or They fought over them?)After whom do I enter the stage? (I enter the stage after him.)Whom did you recommend for the job? (I recommended him for the job.)For Whom the Bell Tolls (The title of this famous Ernest Hemingway novel is saying, The Bell Rings for Him.) Some of these sentences may sound odd, and this is why the word whom will probably disappear from the English language one day. As used in these examples, whom sounds a little awkward, even when its technically correct. How to Remember the Difference The key to understanding when to use whom or who is knowing the difference between  subjective  and  objective  case. Once you can easily identify the subject and the object of a sentence or clause, you will be able to figure out the correct usage of who and whom. For instance, if you want to decide which is correct in this sentence: Who/Whom should I consider as a college recommendation? Rearrange the sentence so that it will make sense using him or he. Youll come up with the following choices: I should consider him for the college recommendation.I should consider he for the college recommendation. The pronoun him is clearly better. Therefore, the correct word in the sentence above will be whom. Remember this simple trick, and youll always know when to use whom and when to use who.

John Lennon essays

John Lennon essays Classic Rock, Jazz, The Blues, Country, Rap and Heavy Metal all have their own chapter assigned to them in the big book of Music History. Each of these music genres denotes a certain feeling for its listeners; and each style brings to mind a certain icon associated with it. On October 9th, 1940 a man who would forever change the pattern of music history was born. John Lennon; is a man best known for his music, but in addition to that he was a philosopher, artist, visionary, social leader and most importantly a common man with a dream. A troubled Liverpool, England family was blessed with Johns birth in early October of 1940. Johns father deserted his mother when John was only three, and he was turned over to one of his mothers sisters to raise, whom he affectionately called "Aunt Mimi", a woman he considered the greatest person to ever live. When he was older he and his mum, Julia a later inspiration for a Beatles song, once again began a relationship, but she became the victim of a drunken off-duty policeman driving late in the night. This feeling of abandonment at such an early age would forever be woven into Johns life. In school John was a prankster and known as a rebellious child to his neighbors in the quiet suburb of Woolton. He frequently was caught skipping school and doodling instead of studying. Lennon left Quarry Bank High School at age 16 after Aunt Mimi persuaded the headmaster to write him a recommendation to the prestigious Liverpool Art College. Lennon soon became involved in music, buying a guitar and starting a band in early 1957. That band, the Quarrymen, evolved over the next few years into the Beatles. Paul McCartney attended a performance in 1957 and shortly afterward became a member. McCartney's musical skills impressed Lennon and Lennon's savvy impressed McCartney. Soon they had agreed that everything written by either of the pair, would from that point on ...

Financial Resources Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Financial Resources Management - Essay Example It is the relations between the Dollars or Euros that an entrepreneur has borrowed and Dollars or Euros invested in the business. The more the investment by the owners the more they attract the financing. When the equity to debt ratio of the firm is high then debt financing should be taken. If the proportion of the debt to equity ratio of the firm is high then it is advised that the owners should increase their equity investment, that way they cannot jeopardize firm's survival. Limited equity financing is used by most of the small or growth stage businesses. Whereas in debt financing, funds pour in from different quarters like from friends, relatives, etc. Venture capitalists are the most common source of equity funding. Venture capitalists may be institutional risk takers, financial institutions, wealthy persons, etc. and most of them specialize in industries. Venture capitalists are risk takers and show interest only in three to five year old companies that result in more than average profits. These venture capitalists are called as investment gurus whose interest lies in those companies that have major regional and national concerns. Commercial finance companies, financial institutions, banks, savings and loans, Lloyds Bank small business, etc. are some of the sources for debt financing. Because of their positive impact on the whole economy local and state government encourage the growth of the small companies. In debt financing additional funds comes from friends, family, relatives, and industry colleagues, etc when capital investment is smaller. Generally banks formed as a major source for loans for the establishment of small businesses. Banks don't offer long term loans to small firms instead they grant short term loans for machinery and equipment, they also offer demand loans to small firms that reduces the risk of leveraging the funds available. Applying for a loan Loan application should be well written, so that the reader could get a clear picture of what your plans are. The presentation should be of the best quality in the initial loan proposal and application. Only industry specific details should be included so that reader can easily understand. Business description: a. Organization type. b. Information date. c. Location. d. Product or service. e. Firm's previous commitments (if any). f. Future plans. g. Competition. h. Customers. i. Suppliers. Management experience Resume of the owner and important employees should be included. Personal Financial Statements Care should be taken that the financial statements are not older than 90 days and financial statements of all principal owners and guarantors should be included. A copy of last year's income tax return should also be included. Loan Repayment The method of repayment of loan should be included and supporting documents of cash flow schedules, budgets and

Nuclear Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Nuclear - Assignment Example : One, it is more economical as it uses less fuel and produces more energy; two, nuclear energy lasts longer unlike fossil fuels which can be depleted; and three, well-maintained nuclear power plants do not emit substances that could harm the environment while coal and oil pollute the air when burned. (Nuclear Energy retrieved from library.thinkquest.org/3471/nuclear_energy.html) Though nuclear energy has its advantages, its disadvantages far outweigh them. Let us take the case of the Chernobyl Nuclear Plant which, in 1986, had a meltdown (Nuclear Energy retrieved from library.thinkquest.org/3471/nuclear_energy.html) meaning the fission reaction went out of control resulting to an explosion in the nuclear plant instantly killing 2 workers of the plant and contaminating hundreds or perhaps thousands more in its surroundings. Within a few months, 26 more died because of radiation contamination. It was found out later that the cause of the accident was a flaw in the design of the nuclear plant and an undertrained operator. In short, human error is to be blamed. As for the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster last March 11, 2011, it was not caused by human error but by natural calamities. The tsunami that followed the strong earthquake on that day damaged the generators and coolants resulting to a meltdown in the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant. Though no deaths f rom contamination were reported, thousands were evacuated from their homes to escape radiation contamination. There was radiation leak into the sea and radiation contamination was noted in the land, the air and even the food of the people. Too much amount of radiation in the body, as we all know, causes sickness and even death to the one contaminated. Both the Chernobyl nuclear plant meltdown and the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant disaster showed mankind how disastrous and damaging the use of nuclear energy can be. With just a small error and the wrath of Mother Nature, lives are destroyed, structures and

Bank law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Bank law - Essay Example It has not derived any benefit from the sale of the said Nursing home for it was applied to payment of credit debts, and even the other creditors were not given any amount. Narni was dependent on this kind of arrangement because the Bank has been honoring the checques drawn over the limit and has not notify it for the dishonor. 2. The Court found that indeed the Bank committed breach of its arrangement with Narni. As deduced from the facts of the case, the acts of the bank in allowing and honoring the cheques drawn way beyond the ceiling despite the fact that there was no sufficient fund in the account of Narni constitutes an implied terms. As gleaned from the records of the case, Narni applied for overdraft facility with the Bank with ceiling of $65, 000 and when it has drawn cheques pending approval of the said application, the Bank honored the cheques even if the account was regularly in debit. When Narni asked for extension of the overdraft to $100, 000.00, the Bank continuously manifested its refusal to grant it, but continued to honor the cheques drawn beyond the limit. This kind of dealings between the Bank and Narni gave rise to implied terms, which the bank is bound. And Narni relied upon this dealing of the Bank that the latter will not refuse to honor the check without giving adequate notice. ... The following the terms are implied as a matter of fact: a). as a result of a course of past dealings between the parties; 2). as a result of custom or trade usage; and 3). to give business efficacy to the contract (Topic 6, n.d.). And for the Court to regard the implied terms as result of past dealing between the parties it must be shown that a). the terms of the collateral contract must not be inconsistent with the terms of the main the term claimed to have been used in past dealings is clearly identifiable. This is most easily done by reference to previous contractual documents; b). The previous dealings were sufficiently frequent and consistent, given the circumstances of the case, to constitute a regular course of dealing; c).the present dealing fits into that course of dealing to the extent that it can reasonably be said that the same terms should be included; d). and there is no conflict between the implied term and the express terms (Ibid.). As regards the situation between N arni and the Bank, the Court correctly held that there was an implied terms between them as a result of past dealing and course of action between them. It has ruled that "that by honouring cheques at a time when the account was well in excess of $100,000 the Bank impliedly extended the overdraft facility to â€Å"a limit of at least $100,000† and further agreed not to dishonour a cheque drawn â€Å"within the limit† without first giving adequate notice." The silence of the Bank regarding the status of the cheques drawn despite lack of funds and the previous dealings it had with Narni wherein it honors the cheques are factors relied by Narni in the conduct of

The end of a week Essay Example for Free

The end of a week Essay Basically, weekend, as the term suggests, is the end of a week. More elaborately, it is suggest that certain period between the close of one working or school week and the beginning of the forthcoming week. To be more specific, weekend for me, is that two consecutive days that stretches from Friday night to Sunday evening where you can go out on a long trip or go on shopping or just bum around because there is neither work nor school. Before reading the essay â€Å"Weekend†, it wasn’t my idea that the word and the day designated as weekend evolved since I thought it was a universal, time-old designation to end a week and a fixed day on any year or generation. Upon reading the essay, I was amazed on the way the author believes a weekend should be like. Also, the essay made me wonder who designates the days to be considered as weekend and how the idea of creating your own weekend came about. Author Witold Rybczynski in the essay â€Å"Weekend† focused more on the origin of the modern weekend. His main idea on the essay is about the development of leisure in our lives and the idea of taking the time off from work or school. In delivering his main point in the essay, Ryzbczynski discussed briefly the evolution of the word weekend and develops his thought of having genuine time-off from work by pointing out how our present weekend is designated or scheduled by people themselves or even by the state through proclamation of holidays that creates long weekends. The creation of do-it yourself holiday, meaning scheduling your own holiday for a trip or for a family or other recreational activities, to his mind takes away the real idea or the traditional meaning of weekends which is founded more on leisure and doing nothing, aimless and being just idle. To cite an example of the author’s main idea of the development of the weekend, Rybczynski first illustrate how the word weekend changed over the years. At first, it was a two word connected by a hyphen, then it loses the hyphen and slowly becomes a sort of metaphor in greeting people to wish the other of an enjoyable rest days. Another example given by the author showing changes to what is now known as the weekend is his discussion on how Sunday, which is then the beginning of a week, became the last day thereof in order to accommodate our work and other activities. Lastly, he also mentions how people nowadays designate or create their own weekend living the traditional designated weekend behind. In designating and creating their own weekend, the author believes that the weekend has lost its meaning making the same as just like a regular work day that has the same conformity of all-in-a-days-work. In this generation where people are driven by their interest and needs at the same time, I believe that the whole idea of the author no longer applies. The essay, to my mind no longer have relevance as people of today’s generation find jobs that are fulfilling and somehow provides leisure while doing their work. The present set-up no longer depicts a situation where people hurry are doing work just for the sake of money but rather at present times, people work because they are driven by their interests, hobbies and even beliefs thus making one’s work no longer burdensome and thus, people no longer rush to their houses for the weekend just to lie down and be idle. Idling, in its literal sense, I believe is no longer possible inasmuch as modern technology like computers, internets, game consoles and the like will often finds its way in our schedule during weekends. With regard to the author’s idea of designating or creating your own long weekend, I believe that there is really nothing wrong with that. People have comfort zones and if a certain day is the most comfortable day for him to relax and consider his weekend, then let it be. Focusing more on the idea of relaxation, though not necessarily by idling, than the day of weekend is far better to suit the taste of today’s world. Reference Rybczynski, Witold. Waiting for the Weekend (1991), pp. 321.

Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs: Mechanisms of Action

Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs: Mechanisms of Action Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are a type of drugs that can be used as pain killers. Nowadays, other pain killers such as paracetamol are more widely used, as they have fewer side effects, and cost less. However, NSAIDs are mostly used in conditions which cause inflammation. It may take from a few days to more than three weeks to show their anti-inflammatory effects. They are specifically used to treat arthritis, menstrual cramps, sports injuries, and headaches. There are different types of NSAIDs that are used in different situations. For example, Ketorolac (Toradol) is only used for short-term treatment of moderately severe acute pain that otherwise would be treated with opioids. (Ogbru, 1997). Aspirin is also a NSAID that is used long-term, at low doses, specifically to inhibit blood clot formation and prevent heart attacks and strokes in individuals at high risk for developing blood clots. The most common and undesirable side effects of NSAIDs are nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, decreased appetite, constipation, rash, dizziness and headache. The most severe side effects are kidney failure, liver failure, ulcers and prolonged bleeding after an injury or surgery (Ogbru, 1997). Mechanisms of Action Prostaglandins are a group of lipid compounds that are produced by specific group of enzymes called cyclooxygenases from arachidonic acid (Zeilhofer, 2007), which promote vital functions in inflammation, pain, fever; support the blood clotting function of platelets; and protect the lining of the stomach from the damaging effects of acid (Ogbru, 1997) (Figure 1). Mode of action of NSAIDs is to exert anti-inflammatory, analgesic (pain relieving), and antipyretic (fever-reducing) effects through the blockade of prostaglandin synthesis via non-selective inhibition of cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2) isozymes (Chakraborti et al., 2010). Both COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes produce prostaglandins that serve inflammation, pain and fever. However, only COX-1 produces and regulates prostaglandins that protect the stomach (gastrointestinal) and support platelets (Ogbru, 1997) (Figure 2). NSAIDs reduce the concentration of prostaglandins throughout the body by blocking the COX enzymes. As a result of this, ongoing inflammation, pain and fever are decreased. For example, when concentration of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) elevates in certain parts of the brain, body temperature increases. This increase in body temperature changes the firing rate of neurons that control thermoregulation in the hypothalamus. Aspirin which can act as an antipyretic, work by inhibiting the enzyme cyclooxygenase and reducing the levels of PGE2 within the hypothalamus of the brain. As a consequence, body temperature falls, and fever is relieved (Aronoff Neilson, 2001). It is important to understand that the pain pathway is not the same for fever and other cases like tissue injuries. In tissue injury, prostaglandins together with other agents like histamine, act on the sensory neurons present in the injured or stimulated tissue which in turn conduct the generated signal to the spinal cord. The afferent fibres (neurons) transmit the pain signal to the spinal cord. The signal is then propagated from the spinal cord to the pain centres in brain. This is carried out by synapse formation between afferent sensory neuron in the dorsal root ganglion of the spinal cord, transferring the signal up the spinothalamic tract to synapse in the thalamus. Therefore the final synapse with the primary sensory cortex fibres occurs in the thalamus (Lorne, 2010) (Figure 3 4). As a result of this, pain centres in brain will become alerted and body will feel the pain. Therefore, prostaglandin synthesis inhibition by NSAIDs will result in pain pathway blockage, hence reduc ing or killing the pain. Irrespective of the type of injured tissue (ligament, tendon or muscle), the body reacts to injury with a sequence of events that initiates with an influx of inflammatory cells and blood. Removal of debris and recruiting growth factors e.g. cytokines toward the injury site are the subsequent events that are carried out by the inflammatory cells. The same Prostaglandins that are blocked by NSAIDs are partly involved in this inflammatory stage. In a normal healing process (without application of NSAIDs), a proliferative stage consisting of a mixture of fibroblasts and inflammatory cells naturally follows the inflammatory stage. At this stage, the fibroblasts construct a new extracellular matrix and continue into the maturation stage (final stage) where functional tissue is laid down. The crucial point is that each stage of repair is a prerequisite for the subsequent stage. Hence, although blocking the inflammatory stage by NSAIDs relieves the pain, it may delay the healing of musculosk eletal injuries (Stovitz Johnsons, 2003). Side effects of NSAIDs such as ulcers and bleeding promotion are due to reduction in bodys prostaglandin level which protects the stomach and supports platelets and blood clotting. In other words, NSAIDs like aspirin, especially in high doses, act as pain killers by reducing prostaglandin concentration; however, this reduction can also raise severe unwanted effects like ulcers (Ogbru, 1997). There are various NSAIDs in terms of potency, duration of action, body elimination manner, how strongly they inhibit COX-1 and their tendency to cause ulcers or promote bleeding. The more an NSAID blocks COX-1, the greater is its tendency to cause ulcers and promote bleeding. One NSAID,  celecoxib  (Celebrex), blocks COX-2 but has little effect on COX-1, and is therefore further classified as a selective COX-2 inhibitor. Selective  COX-2 inhibitors  cause less bleeding and fewer ulcers than other NSAIDs. (Ogbru, 1997). Rofecoxib (tradename = Vioxx) In 1999, two new highly selective COX-2 inhibitors, known as coxibs (celecoxib and rofecoxib) which were claimed to have low gastrointestinal (GI) side effects were introduced which resulted in high commercial development. Rofecoxib (Vioxx) was introduced by Merck (one of the largest pharmaceutical companies) as a more effective and a safer alternative to NSAIDs for the treatment of pain associated with osteoarthritis (Krumholz et al., 2007). While found to have fulfilled these goals in part, a worrying series of events took place in the late 2004 period when rofecoxib was withdrawn worldwide from the market because of alarming cardiovascular incidents and concerns about increased risk of heart attack and stroke due to long-term, high-dosage use. Other coxibs were subsequently withdrawn on suspicion of having the same adverse effects, although to a varying degree (Rainsford, 2007). Previous to introducing the drug to the market, it were concerned that the drug might have adverse effects on the cardiovascular system by changing prostacyclin to thromboxane ratio, which have opposite effects on regulating blood flow and clotting. (Prostacyclin and thromboxane are members of the family of lipids known as eicosanoids.) (Krumholz et al., 2007) A study sponsored by Merck during 1996-1997 reported that rofecoxib decreased the concentration of prostacyclin metabolites in urine in healthy volunteers by about half. Merck officials sought to soften  the academic authors interpretation that COX-2 inhibition within the vascular endothelium may increase the propensity for thrombus formation, the basis of what became  known as the FitzGerald hypothesis. The academic authors changed  the manuscript at Mercks request-for example, they changed  systemic biosynthesis of prostacyclin was decreased by  [rofecoxib] to Cox-2 may play a role in the systematic biosynthesis  of prostacyclin. (Krumholz et al., 2007). However, despite knowing that rofecoxib may elevate thrombus formation, none of the studies that constituted Mercks new drug application to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1998 were designed to examine cardiovascular risk. The studies were all generally small, had short treatment periods, enrolled patients at low risk of cardiovascular disease, and did not have a standardised procedure to collect cardiovascular results (Krumholz et al., 2007). In 1999, the largest study on rofecoxib, the vioxx gastrointestinal outcomes research (VIGOR), took place by Merck. The purpose of the study was to show that the drug would have fewer GI side effects than naproxen (NSAID) for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. The study took place without a standard procedure for collecting information on cardiovascular events. Finally, the study showed that rofecoxib was not more effective in terms of mitigating symptoms of arthritis but halved the risk of GI events. However, the study showed that there was also evidence of an increased risk of myocardial infarction. Therefore, the first suspicion about the metabolite meanings i.e. urine prostacyclin data was right. Nevertheless, Merck decided to propose a naproxen assumption, implying that rofecoxib had not been harmful but that naproxen had been protective, despite having no evidence that naproxen had a protective effect on cardiovascular system (Krumholz et al., 2007). Finally, after wide usage of Vioxx in clinical centres around the world for around 5 years, due to an increase in serious cardiovascular events, the company voluntarily withdrew Vioxx from the market, in 2004. Currently, a lot of studies are taking place to discover why cardiovascular failures took place with coxibs, to identify safer coxibs, and to clarify the roles of COX-2 and COX-1 in cardiovascular diseases and stroke in order to develop newer agents to control these conditions (Rainsford, 2007). Overall, in order to improve the care of patients and gain their trust back, putting patients interests first is necessary. A renewed commitment and re-establishing collaborations between industry, academics, journals and practising doctors are the only way to extract something positive from this unfortunate event.

Creative Story: Lobito :: essays research papers

Creative Story: Lobito Not once is there a boring moment in my house! That's because of my dog Lobito. Unlike other families that have a human sometimes being the clown of their family, in my family my dog Lobito is the clown. He has got to be the funniest dog alive. From his jealousy fits, and his way of picking fights with the rest of the dogs to his no stop playing with his stuffed animals. Well the best place to start would be by describing his way of fighting with other dogs. He's straight out of one of those movies where there saying â€Å" hold me back†. No matter how big the dog is he will challenge him. This would be great if he actually followed through with his threat but he doesn't. He has this funny habit that when were holding him back from another dog, his bark starts getting louder. While holding him back he tends to pull and yank hard, and almost say â€Å"let me at him†. The funny part is when we actually do let him go, he's surprised we let him go , and gives us this look like hey hold me back! Another thing that goes along with his fighting techniques, are his day dream desires of being a security dog. We have this one dog named Pinto that Lobito hates with all his heart. Being that Pinto is alot older and bigger than Lobbito , Lobito never dares raise a bark at Pinto. But don't ever tell Pinto to go outside the house, because as soon as Lobito hears the words â€Å"Pinto outside†, hell breaks loose. Lobito will come tearing around the corner like if he heard Puppy Chow was going to be on sale. He starts barking and yelping right behind Pinto with an occasional nip at his tail. At the same time while this is all going on he tends to give us a look that says how am I doing? Well that's not the worst part, the worst part is when it comes to his jealousy. It could be said that Lobito has this idea that he's number one, and he's got this idea for everything that happens to him. Due to this idea of his we make it a point not to pet any other dog besides him while he's around, and if we accidentally do pet another dog he makes it clear to us he's upset with us by growling. We never let him catch us petting another dog! He'll come right up

Internet Privacy

Joyce Betts 03/04/2013 Week 4 Assignment Short Critical Reflection Paper The three Questions I have chosen are: * Online education has evolved over the last ten years as much as the cell phone. Given this, what have been some of the major improvements and changes in the digital classroom? In the 1900s, few universities had online classes. Today, online education is one of the most exciting and revolutionary aspects of our education. Ashford University is one of the top ten online schools, and by now you have a good understanding of how it works.Course management systems are software programs that define the online classroom environment. In late 2009, Ashford University made a change from Blackboard to eCollege software. Most educators believe that Blackboard is one of the most basic systems in distance learning. On the other hand, some people have called eCollege a â€Å"force to be reckoned with† (Babb & Mirabella, 2007,p. 162). With a growing demand for these systems among e ducational institutions, the developers will continue to put pressure on each other to improve their products.This benefits the student, because it ensures that course management software will continue to evolve and enhance the online learning experience. * What types of strategies can educators use to ensure their students are not â€Å"flaming† in a way that causes damage to others? Flaming is a term that describes an increasingly intense and vicious debate. Always avoid offensive language, and be sure to reread everything you write so that it cannot be interpreted as offensive in any way.Never share personal material about any other classmate in a post. Opinions are important to share, but do not make posts a stage from which to broadcast your personal views of life. Making sure each and every student understands the rules of proper etiquette. Finally, if you have a question about something you what to write or about what another student wrote, email your professor private ly. If I post a poem on my Facebook site and someone cuts and pastes it on their site is that a case for stealing my intellectual property?I do not think this is stealing my intellectual property. If you did not want it posted on other sites you need to copyright it. In conclusion, the dark side of the internet will always be with us. If you arm yourself with knowledge, install advances software protection, and license your intellectual property, you should have save experience. References: Bowles, M. D (2010). Introduction to computer literacy. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc. Chapter 8

Theories of the Universe essays

Theories of the Universe essays There are many theories on how the universe came to be. After reading several articles I have found 4 theories in three articles that I find to be the most intriguing. Three of the four articles deal with new theories, and one of the four articles give evidence to support the Big Bang Theory. I have chosen this topic because, I found it one of the most interesting topics we discussed in our class during the discussion of the origin of the universe. In the first article, titled When Branes Collide a theory call the Epyrotic Theory states that the universe existed in static state for trillions of years; long before the period of fifteen millions that the big bang claims. Then, fifteen million years ago another universe, in another dimension, crashed into our universe. This collision caused our universe to heat up and expand into the universe, as we know it today. According to the theory there are branes (membranes) that exists in five dimensions. Some of these membranes that exist in this five dimensional space are infinitely long, parallel planes that are close correspondence to our universe (Cowen). Also, there maybe other universes floating in the fifth dimension, but cant be seen because particles and light cant travel threw this dimension. This fifth dimension is of infinite size and contains three-dimensional membranes that are on either side. In the original theory a third membrane comes off of the original membrane opposite of ours and collides with it; this in turn ignites the Big Bang. However, if this were to happen, the universe would contract rather than expand. In the new modified theory, one of the membranes moves steadily towards the other membrane, as they move closer and closer to each other the fifth dimension shrinks and the finally collapses after the membranes touch. Then, after the membranes touch the bounce off of each other causing the universe to expand and recreating...

This is a brief introduction into my R.E coursework, which is based upon religious programmes in the media Essay Example

This is a brief introduction into my R.E coursework, which is based upon religious programmes in the media Essay Example This is a brief introduction into my R.E coursework, which is based upon religious programmes in the media Essay This is a brief introduction into my R.E coursework, which is based upon religious programmes in the media Essay Since religious programmes started broadcasting on the television in 1946, many peoples knowledge about other faiths other than their own, have grown. This is due to the fact that there is a vast majority of viewers tuning into these programmes shown on the television, which are usually shown on the television on a Sunday morning or afternoon. They are usually aired at this time because many older people are unable to get access to their local church so they watch these programmes instead. These series of programmes are called the God slot.Many other religions show programmes to do with their faith if there is a religious occasion, but it is mainly Christian programmes about the church and issues concerning the world.Most religious programmes give the viewers either a positive or negative impression towards their religion. This often influences younger viewers against the idea of religion, if they see the church as a dull and place which only old people go to. Some programmes give th e viewers this impression, but now there are many programmes in which they show the church in a much brighter and more enjoyable place to be. They show many programmes during Christian festivals (Christmas and Easter) that show the church as a fun and enjoyable place, which they hope, will influence younger viewers and increase the number of people attending the festivals in churches. This tactic is also used for other religions such as Hinduism and Judaism when they have important festivals up coming such as Deepawali and The Passover. This is quite a useful way of broadcasting other religions and showing to the viewers that the programmes on the television concerning religion are not biased.I have concluded that if comedy is added to religious programmes, this will increase the number of younger viewers. This is because they will find the church much more than a chore or a place of no fun with loads of old people, but of a place that makes religion enjoyable and fun for others.Rel igious DocumentariesIntroductionIn our previous R.E lesson, we watched two videos that was to teach people from other religions about the Muslim ways of life and about a course that could make people that are not very religious, into religious people. These types of religious programmes are called religious documentaries. There are many other categories of religious programmes other than documentaries, and here are a few of them:* Worship* Magazine* Animation* MusicHere is a chart that states whether these religious programmes are documentary, worship, magazine, animation or music.Name of ProgrammeChannelBroadcast timeLengthCategoryThe Heaven and Earth ShowBBC 110.00 am1 hourMagazineThe Beginners BibleChannel 58.00 am1/2 hourAnimationSunday MorningITV111.00 am1 hourMagazineMy Favourite HymnsITV110.30 am1/2 hourMusicThe Belief FileThe programme about the Muslim faith was called the Belief File. This is on BBC 1 around 2am to 6am for 1 hour on a Sunday morning and this is classified a s a documentary.The people in this documentary about the Muslim faith, where young Muslims explaining about their religion and answering the questions put forward by the couple of children that where learning about the Muslim faith. They mentioned the 5 pillars of Islam and how a Muslim prepares themselves in their special way for their daily prayers.I cannot recall any music being used in this presentation, but there was some prayers being read out and that sounded musical.The audience was our class and they were watching the video and taking down notes on what they were seeing about the Muslim faith. After watching the video our teacher asked us what we had thought about the video that we watched and had a class discussion.The pace of the programme was quite steady; they repeated a couple of the words twice so the audience could understand the pronunciation of the words. They did use subtitles for these words so the viewers knew how they were spelt.I think that the target audience was younger viewers. I think that they want to give younger viewers a well-balanced look towards religion in the world and so that they do not think that there is only one religion dominating the world. They want them to know that they live in a multi-cultural society.I do not think that this programme was very enjoyable, even though I thought that it taught very well about Islam.I think that some people might have not liked the fact that it is on in the early hours of the morning and that there was no background music.It was what I had expected from a religious point of view, as it taught people about the Islamic faith and their ways of life very well.I think that it was a good representation of the Islamic religion as it out lined the most important things in a Muslims life.I think that aim of the documentary was to teach younger viewers about the many religions in the world and I think that they might have succeeded in this.I do not think that they have taught the viewers very i nterestingly in this programme.ConclusionI think that this programme was good in terms of teaching the Muslim faith but was rather dull. Most of my classmates thought that as well.Alpha-Will it change their lives?The programme about the Alpha course was called Alpha-Will it change their lives? This is on ITV late at night for 1 hour. This programme is classified as a documentary.This programme was based on the Alpha course, in which many people that are not religious go along to meetings and discussions, which teach them about Christianity and bring them, closer to God. We watched a clip of the programme where a taxi drivers wife had been going to these classes and then he decided to join also. He says it completely changed my life and he also said he is in touch with the Holy Sprit.There was no music involved with the clips of the programme we watched and was no audience participation at all.The pace was quite moderate as they got through I think 4 or 5 people in a 1-hour episode. As I only saw 1 clip, I cannot comment on the structure of the programme.I think that the target audience of this programme was none religious people. This is because they were trying to introduce what the Alpha course is about and there would be no point showing it to religious people, as they are already aware of their religion, instead it is aimed at those less religious people.There was nothing at all enjoyable in this programme and I didnt expect it to be anyway.I think that some people might not like the programme because was trying to make people turn into religious people and many none religious people might frown upon some course trying to change their lives.The programme was not what I had expected. This is because I thought that it would be a bit more fun as they are trying to make people join this Alpha course and it was actually a boring programme, from what I saw anyway.I think that it was not great representation of the religion, but was okay. It showed how the cours e changed peoples lives, but it was rather dull too.I think that the aim of this documentary was to turn people that are not particularly religious, into religious people.I am not sure if the aims were met as I only watched a bit of it, but I would guess that did meet the aims they had set themselves.It didnt teach interestingly also and that is the sole reason why I did not particularly like this programme.ConclusionI think that this programme was very dull and most of my classmates thought that as well.A Religious Magazine ProgrammeIntroductionIn our previous R.E lesson, we watched two videos that were both religious magazine programmes. One was called The Heaven and Earth show and the other was called Sunday Morning. They are both shown at 10am on a Sunday morning and they both last 1-hour. The Heaven and Earth show is shown on BBC 1 and Sunday Morning is shown on ITV. I am now going to analyse the two magazine programmes.The Heaven and Earth showThere were two presenters, who we re joined by guests, on each separate topic that was being discussed.There was not much music being added to the background in this programme, but there was some music at the beginning of the programme and when they were showing the viewers what issues they were going to discuss in the programme.There was some audience participation, as they had a phone in, where the viewers had their say on the issues being discussed and there was also an email address, so viewers could email them instead of phoning in if they preferred.The pace of the programme was quite slow and they had quite a lot to say, which might have made it quite boring for younger viewers.I think that the programme wasnt structured that well. They might have interested the older people, but they might have put the younger people off, as they didnt have particularly interesting topics. But they did have a quite good issue at the end, which might have pleased the younger people, if they were still watching, which was when the Reverend went to a dating agency. Although they did cover four different topics well.In this programme, they were discussing many different issues. They were discussing:* War and Afghanistan* Stardom* Dreams* Reverends and dating agenciesOn the discussion panels about the war and Afghanistan, there was John Torode, from the Daily Mail and Dr Scilla Elworthy. In the interview on stardom was David Essex, talking about his music career and about when he played Jesus in a play, and how he was publicly criticised as people were saying that he wasnt religious. In the conversation on dreams, was Helen McLean. This was also when there was a phone in, where people discussed their dreams and what they could possible mean. Lastly, there was their Reverend, and how she went to a dating agency and when she met many different people.There was not much religion mentioned in the programme. There was a bit religion coming into the Reverend and the dating agency and when they were talking about W ar in Afghanistan, but that was it. It was not what I had expected, I thought they were going to discuss more religious issues.ConclusionI thought that this programme was not that bad as I enjoyed the part at the end when the Reverend went to the dating agency. Before that, the programme was not that interesting and me and other classmates found the last bit to be the best bit.Sunday MorningIn this programme there was also two presenters, who were joined by guests, on each separate topic that was being discussed.There was more music in this programme than in the previous programme. They had some at the beginning and when they showed the topics that they were going to discuss, but they also had a band singing in the studio called Shine. This band is a girl band that brings up religion in their songs.There was also some audience participation in this programme, but this had an agony aunt in the studio.The pace of the programme was also slow like the previous programme.The programme st ructure was a bit 50/50, as they might have interested younger viewers with the music at the beginning, but might have made the older people that this wasnt a programme about religion and could put them off the programme.They were discussing a second marriage for divorced people and how hard it is to find a church to marry them. They had a discussion with the girl band and why they are singing songs that have a link to religion and God. They had a chat with Terry Waite, who had been a hostage and also had the agony aunt at the end.There was more religion in this programme than the previous, and it was all about Christianity.It was a bit of what I expected, but I thought that they might have had a multifaith conversation, which they didnt.ConclusionI think that this programme was very dull! It started off well with a girl band singing in the studio but the programme became quite a bore really. Im almost certain that all of my classmates hated the Sunday Morning show and preferred the Heaven and Earth Show.A Religious Worship ProgrammeIntroductionIn our previous R.E lesson, we watched a religious worship that is called Songs of Praise. This is shown at 5.20pm on Sunday, on BBC1. This last for approximately 35 minutes. I was not in the lesson when the rest of the class viewed this particular episode, so I have had to watch it in my own time and therefore seen a different episode to the rest of my class.In this programme the presenter, Pam Rhodes, was talking to people and discussing stuff such as great British musician, Elger, Christian unity in the Cathedral in Worchester, 5000 books in the church written by monks, 2 local men taking part in a rowing tournament and Terrorism in the world today. The members and choir of the church also sang about 7 hymns in the course of the programme.In this programme, there was a few people being interviewed and the rest of the people involved were the choir and the people singing the hymns in the church.There was quite a lot o f music in this programme. At the beginning there was some and there was a lot of hymns being sung.The audience for this programme was the church and the people watching the programme on the television.The pace of the programme was quite quick, and they covered about 5 topics on the show.I think that the target audience of this programme was likely to be older religious people as it had many older people singing in the church and in the choir. I think that they focus on these people as some older people might not be able to get to church and would rather watch the hymns on the television. This might be why they had the lyrics for all the hymns sung.I do not think that this programme was interesting or enjoyable at all! It was all about people singing in the church and I found this very boring.I think that some people might not like this programme and think that it was not fashionable because it was more for the older people that couldnt get to the church in time for the hymns. I als o think that some people might not have liked this programme because it was rather old fashioned, they talked a lot about the past and history of the city Worchester.I think that this programme was quite good in representing the Christian religion and was better in terms of religious output than the previous programmes in the other sections. They had the church in it a lot, they had hymns and they had history about religious people.I think that that most religious Christians would have liked this programme very much as they had lots of hymns being sung and they talk about many religious issues in the world today as well as in the past. For example, when they were talking about the terrorism, one man said that they should not be killing innocent Afghans, but they should kill Satan himself .The people talking about their separate issues were not particularly mentioning God but I think that when the man was saying, kill Satan himself I think that had a link to God. As God does not w ant people killing one another, but wants them to kill Satan himself by resisting the temptation of bombing Afghanistan. I also think that the people singing the hymns were reaching out to God and praising Him.ConclusionI think that this programme was very boring and although my classmates did not see the episode that I did, but the one that they watched, must surely have been equally as boring and dull.Religion in Soap OperasIntroductionIn our previous R.E lesson, we watched two soap operas. A Soap Opera is a very popular form of television in which sets of characters are followed as they live theyre lives individually and in their community. We watched them to see their religious content. Most Soap Operas tend to base their stories on things like abortion, euthanasia, racism, prejudice, homosexuality, theft etc. We watched Brookside, which is shown three times a week at either 8pm or 8:30pm on Channel 4 and Eastenders, which is shown four times a week at either 7:30m or 8pm on BBC 1.BrooksideAddle, who is 14 years old, has had an abortion. In many religions this is considered to be a sin, as it is considered to be murder. It also interferes with The Sanctity of Life, but in the Hindu faith, this would be okay as they believe in reincarnation. Reincarnation is when you die and then you will keep coming back to earth in another body until you are pure enough to get to Moksha. Moksha is what Hindus believe is heaven.I think that the producer has chosen this topic as it is quite a well-known thing and comes up quite a lot in peoples lives. The relationship between the family members is very brittle. This is because the mum had had a miscarriage and she really wants a baby and her daughter had got pregnant and then had an abortion. The mum is angry with her husband as he drove her to the abortion. Addles brother is very upset about the abortion but the dad seems to be okay about the whole thing.The minister, who comes to talk to Addle and tell her that she will me et her baby in heaven, is dealing with the whole abortion issue quite well and is comforting her although Addle is very stressed. This is when religion is brought into the soap opera.I think that the effect on the viewers must have been quite big, as they must have all thought that she would have kept the baby and that she did not want to commit another sin.In this episode there was quite a bit of religion mentioned as they had the minister coming to talk to Addle. I also think that it was a direct reference to religion.I dont think that there were the opinions two different religions in this episode.The events that occurred in the programme were not faithful to a religious position as she had the abortion and committed another sin, which was sex before marriage, which both the Bible and the Quran say is wrong.I think that soap operas are the best place to deal with these types of issues as they can occur in many peoples lives and in soap operas, they show how to deal with the situa tion. At the end of some soap operas they will have a telephone number at the bottom for people to ring if they have been effected by any of the issues in the episode.ConclusionI myself do not watch much of Brookside, but I think that this episode was quite good and mot of my classmates had varied expressions on the episode.EastendersFrank, who is married to Peggy and Pat, who is married to Roy commit adultery. This is forbidden in possible every religion known and many people that arent very religious also think that this is morally wrong. In the Ten Commandments it says, Do not commit adultery and also the Quran says, Resist temptation, permissiveness and adultery is wrong . But they can not resist the temptation and commit adultery. In this episode, Peggy and Roy discover Frank and Pat and then Frank runs away.I think that the producer has chosen this topic, as it is the most well known issue to occur in peoples lives today.The end result of this was that Peggy and Roy found o ut what was happening and therefore Peggy breaking up with Frank and Roy breaking up with Roy, although they both got back together again. It ended with them being found out, Frank running away and Roy eventually forgiving Pat.This must have come to be a big shock for the viewers, as Pat and Frank broke up and had moved on, but they renew their love once again.I think that what happened was not religious and that there was no religion what so ever mentioned in it. They did not think about the sins that they were committing, but more about what they were going to do if they were found out!I do not think that the episode was faithful towards any religion as they had done what every religion tells you not to do, which is commit adultery.I think that religion could have easily been brought into this episode, with a friend who knows what is going on stopping them or referring them to a minister or something like that.Once again I think that soap operas are the right place to deal with th ese situations. I think this because many people watch Eastenders and if they see the things that are happening and if they are happening to them or friends then they will know how to handle the situation.ConclusionI watch a lot of Eastenders and myself and my classmates enjoyed the episode as they have Peggy and Roy finding out what Frank and Pat have been getting up to.How a religious/moral issue isDealt with in a drama/filmIntroductionVery often, even if a film or drama is not a specifically religious film or drama, religious and moral issues are part of the story line. Issues such as abortion, racism, sexism, euthanasia, adultery, etc.Four weddings and a funeralIn this film, the issues being looked at are, immorality, marriage and living in sin. These issues are all religious, as they are all going against what is written in the Bible.Marriage is not going against what is written in the Bible, but in this film, a man is about to get married to a women that he does not love, whic h is not considered to be right in the Bible. He then does what would be considered to be the right thing in the eyes of God, when he tells the woman that he does not want to marry her, as he loves someone else. This was the right thing to do as in the vows that they take, they are suppose to spend the rest of their life together, not to keep secrets from each other and to love and cherish each other, etc.Immorality comes into this film when the woman is talking to the man about how many people she has slept with and it actually came up to about 30!Living in sin comes into this film when at the end when the man has told the woman that he was going to marry, that he does not want to marry her, he asks the woman that he loves to live with him. She accepts and then they live in sin together.I am not sure that these issues will have a massive effect on the characters themselves, as it vastly depends on whether they are very religious, not partly religious or not religious at all.If ther e was religious viewers watching this film, then they would not be pleased with the sins being committed, but would probably be pleased when the man tells the woman that he does not want to marry her, as it was the right thing to do in the eyes of God.Religion says that immorality and living in sin are both wrong and are sins. In the Ten Commandments it says, Do not commit adultery and also the Quran says, Resist temptation, permissiveness and adultery is wrong.ConclusionI think that this film was a great success and did cover the religious aspects of the film particularly well because there was a lot of sins being committed in the film, and I feel they did make the religious viewers understand that it was part of the film story line.The Vicar of DibleyThe episode of The Vicar of Dibley that we watched during class was the first episode ever. This religious drama is shown on BBC 1 or 2. The religious issues being discussed in this episode is to do with sexism and discrimination. Thi s religious issue as it is to do with the church ministers being sexist towards the new vicar who is a woman. The church has often been accused of being sexist and this is being fully exploited in this episode. The Bible also says that discrimination is wrong, its says to treat all equally.In this episode, the village of Dibley was awaiting the arrival of theyre new vicar after the death of their previous vicar. Then the new vicar arrives and the are all shocked to find that the replacement of their previous vicar is a woman.The fact that the replacement vicar was a woman shocked the village people and could had great impact on the viewers that are religious and were watching this episode. They might not have expected a woman vicar and still many religious Christians could not accept a woman vicar, although the Church of England, Protestant and other churches, except for the Roman Catholic churches say that is ok to have a women vicar.ConclusionI think that this programme shares the views of many religious people on a woman being a vicar but still is considered to be sexism and discrimination in the eyes of God and many other non-religious people. Some may argue that Jesus did not have any female disciples, but at that time if he did have woman disciples, he and them would have probably been killed. But Jesus did have a vast amount of woman followers and he also treated them equally.Does television always presents religious people as being out of touch with the modern world?IntroductionI am going to look at examples and evidence from both sides to come to a conclusion on whether religious people in television programmes are in touch or out of touch with the modern world. When we say this person is in touch this means that they are aware of the current affairs in the world and in terms of television, music, sport, etc. A person that is out touch with the modern world is a person that does not know much about the current affairs in the world and dont know much a bout television, music, sport, etc.The Simpsons Marge SimpsonMy first example of a character that is in touch with the modern world is a character in an animation called The Simpsons who is called Marge. She is a religious person and I will be analysing this religious character to decide whether she is in or out of touch with the modern world. Marge Simpson is one of those religious people that know about the world and I would say she is in touch with the modern world. She not like most religious people on the television, she is popular, knows about the modern world in the terms of music and television, she has reasonable answers to peoples questions that keep them happy. In a paper article I saw in class the writer, has included quotes from people saying that Marge is my candidate for saint-hood. She is a forgiving, loving person, absolutely saintly. Another quote was that, they actually speak to God. The producer probably had an idea that The Simpsons should be rather a hell rais ing family, but instead people are praising them for being very religious.Peak PracticeMy second example of a character that is in touch with the modern world is the new vicar in Peak Practice. I think that this vicar is not what you would call a stereotypical vicar. From the moment I saw the vicar, I didnt believe that he was a vicar. Most vicars you would see would be dressed like a normal old-fashioned vicar. Although this vicar was still wearing his dog collar, he was wearing jeans and a red jumper over his it and you would not have known he was a vicar if you met him on the street. I think that he is in touch because for one, he went to the pub for the quiz night, and at the quiz night, he knew the answers to all the questions to do with sport, films and music. An old woman had also questioned him in the pub about him drinking and he replied, even Jesus had a drink once in a while. He had previously asked six local lads, if he organised a church football team, if they would pla y.Vicar of DibleyMy third example of a character in a television programme that is in touch with the modern world is the women vicar in the Vicar of Dibley who is called Geraldean. She is the type of vicar that most people in the 21st Century would love to have as their vicar. I think that she is in touch with the modern world because she is a fun, loose type of woman and she also is aware of many things in the world in terms of films, television and music. She even has a picture of an actor next to her picture of Jesus in her bedroom!The Heaven and Earth ShowMy fourth example of a character that is in touch with the modern world is the women vicar from The Heaven and Earth Show. She is similar to the women vicar in the Vicar of Dibley. She is a loose type of person and she is not particularly a stereotypical vicar. As seen in this episode, she was going to a dating agency and taking part in it.Alpha Will it change their lives?This is my first example of a person in a television pr ogramme that I think is out of touch with the modern world. His name is Reverend Doctor Steven Shakespeare from a church in Sheffield. We only saw a brief clip of this programme in class, but from what I saw of this Reverend, he seemed to be very dull and boring. He didnt talk about much apart from the Bible, but you could tell from the way in which he dressed that he was out of touch with the modern world.The Simpsons Reverend LovejoyThis is my second example of a character in an animation, but this time I feel that this character, Revered Lovejoy, is very out of touch with the modern world. He doesnt seem to be aware of what is fun and good in the world and is a very boring character. He bores many of the people that go to the church on a Sunday and when anyone asks him for advise, he doesnt seem to care or no what to say.The Simpsons Ned FlandersThis is my third example of a character in an animation, Ned Flanders, that is very out of touch with the modern world. He is very cau tious on what he or lets his children do, as he thinks that things such as sweets with a devil on the front, are bad for his children. The way he dresses also shows how out of touch and out of fashion he is.Eastenders Dorothy CottonThis is my fourth example of a character in a television programme that is out of touch with the modern world. She is a stereotypical Christian. What I mean by this is that she is always going to church on a Sunday, is very cautious on what she says and does, as she feels that it might have some affect on her religion.ConclusionI have come to a conclusion that there will always be at least one out of touch religious person in a television programme. I think that many in touch religious people are being introduced to television programmes, butthere will always be at least one out of touch person as I think that they are there to show that religion is not all changing because many younger religious people are not being old-fashioned and doing as they pleas e.Overall ConclusionAfter 4 months on studying religion in the media, I have noticed and learnt many different things about how religion is acted by the characters and how it is presented on the television to the audience. Religion is not always the moral of many soap operas, but religion, most of the time, comes up in the story line, even if it was not intended to. There are programmes that are meant to involve religion and revolve around it such as religious documentaries and magazines. Films are most probably where you would least expect religion to be in, but believe or not, it is brought up quite a lot.The actors that are playing the part of a religious person in many cases today are coming across as young, sociable people and there are becoming fewer old fashioned religious people in television programmes.