Bank law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Bank law - Essay Example It has not derived any benefit from the sale of the said Nursing home for it was applied to payment of credit debts, and even the other creditors were not given any amount. Narni was dependent on this kind of arrangement because the Bank has been honoring the checques drawn over the limit and has not notify it for the dishonor. 2. The Court found that indeed the Bank committed breach of its arrangement with Narni. As deduced from the facts of the case, the acts of the bank in allowing and honoring the cheques drawn way beyond the ceiling despite the fact that there was no sufficient fund in the account of Narni constitutes an implied terms. As gleaned from the records of the case, Narni applied for overdraft facility with the Bank with ceiling of $65, 000 and when it has drawn cheques pending approval of the said application, the Bank honored the cheques even if the account was regularly in debit. When Narni asked for extension of the overdraft to $100, 000.00, the Bank continuously manifested its refusal to grant it, but continued to honor the cheques drawn beyond the limit. This kind of dealings between the Bank and Narni gave rise to implied terms, which the bank is bound. And Narni relied upon this dealing of the Bank that the latter will not refuse to honor the check without giving adequate notice. ... The following the terms are implied as a matter of fact: a). as a result of a course of past dealings between the parties; 2). as a result of custom or trade usage; and 3). to give business efficacy to the contract (Topic 6, n.d.). And for the Court to regard the implied terms as result of past dealing between the parties it must be shown that a). the terms of the collateral contract must not be inconsistent with the terms of the main the term claimed to have been used in past dealings is clearly identifiable. This is most easily done by reference to previous contractual documents; b). The previous dealings were sufficiently frequent and consistent, given the circumstances of the case, to constitute a regular course of dealing; c).the present dealing fits into that course of dealing to the extent that it can reasonably be said that the same terms should be included; d). and there is no conflict between the implied term and the express terms (Ibid.). As regards the situation between N arni and the Bank, the Court correctly held that there was an implied terms between them as a result of past dealing and course of action between them. It has ruled that "that by honouring cheques at a time when the account was well in excess of $100,000 the Bank impliedly extended the overdraft facility to â€Å"a limit of at least $100,000† and further agreed not to dishonour a cheque drawn â€Å"within the limit† without first giving adequate notice." The silence of the Bank regarding the status of the cheques drawn despite lack of funds and the previous dealings it had with Narni wherein it honors the cheques are factors relied by Narni in the conduct of

The end of a week Essay Example for Free

The end of a week Essay Basically, weekend, as the term suggests, is the end of a week. More elaborately, it is suggest that certain period between the close of one working or school week and the beginning of the forthcoming week. To be more specific, weekend for me, is that two consecutive days that stretches from Friday night to Sunday evening where you can go out on a long trip or go on shopping or just bum around because there is neither work nor school. Before reading the essay â€Å"Weekend†, it wasn’t my idea that the word and the day designated as weekend evolved since I thought it was a universal, time-old designation to end a week and a fixed day on any year or generation. Upon reading the essay, I was amazed on the way the author believes a weekend should be like. Also, the essay made me wonder who designates the days to be considered as weekend and how the idea of creating your own weekend came about. Author Witold Rybczynski in the essay â€Å"Weekend† focused more on the origin of the modern weekend. His main idea on the essay is about the development of leisure in our lives and the idea of taking the time off from work or school. In delivering his main point in the essay, Ryzbczynski discussed briefly the evolution of the word weekend and develops his thought of having genuine time-off from work by pointing out how our present weekend is designated or scheduled by people themselves or even by the state through proclamation of holidays that creates long weekends. The creation of do-it yourself holiday, meaning scheduling your own holiday for a trip or for a family or other recreational activities, to his mind takes away the real idea or the traditional meaning of weekends which is founded more on leisure and doing nothing, aimless and being just idle. To cite an example of the author’s main idea of the development of the weekend, Rybczynski first illustrate how the word weekend changed over the years. At first, it was a two word connected by a hyphen, then it loses the hyphen and slowly becomes a sort of metaphor in greeting people to wish the other of an enjoyable rest days. Another example given by the author showing changes to what is now known as the weekend is his discussion on how Sunday, which is then the beginning of a week, became the last day thereof in order to accommodate our work and other activities. Lastly, he also mentions how people nowadays designate or create their own weekend living the traditional designated weekend behind. In designating and creating their own weekend, the author believes that the weekend has lost its meaning making the same as just like a regular work day that has the same conformity of all-in-a-days-work. In this generation where people are driven by their interest and needs at the same time, I believe that the whole idea of the author no longer applies. The essay, to my mind no longer have relevance as people of today’s generation find jobs that are fulfilling and somehow provides leisure while doing their work. The present set-up no longer depicts a situation where people hurry are doing work just for the sake of money but rather at present times, people work because they are driven by their interests, hobbies and even beliefs thus making one’s work no longer burdensome and thus, people no longer rush to their houses for the weekend just to lie down and be idle. Idling, in its literal sense, I believe is no longer possible inasmuch as modern technology like computers, internets, game consoles and the like will often finds its way in our schedule during weekends. With regard to the author’s idea of designating or creating your own long weekend, I believe that there is really nothing wrong with that. People have comfort zones and if a certain day is the most comfortable day for him to relax and consider his weekend, then let it be. Focusing more on the idea of relaxation, though not necessarily by idling, than the day of weekend is far better to suit the taste of today’s world. Reference Rybczynski, Witold. Waiting for the Weekend (1991), pp. 321.

Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs: Mechanisms of Action

Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs: Mechanisms of Action Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are a type of drugs that can be used as pain killers. Nowadays, other pain killers such as paracetamol are more widely used, as they have fewer side effects, and cost less. However, NSAIDs are mostly used in conditions which cause inflammation. It may take from a few days to more than three weeks to show their anti-inflammatory effects. They are specifically used to treat arthritis, menstrual cramps, sports injuries, and headaches. There are different types of NSAIDs that are used in different situations. For example, Ketorolac (Toradol) is only used for short-term treatment of moderately severe acute pain that otherwise would be treated with opioids. (Ogbru, 1997). Aspirin is also a NSAID that is used long-term, at low doses, specifically to inhibit blood clot formation and prevent heart attacks and strokes in individuals at high risk for developing blood clots. The most common and undesirable side effects of NSAIDs are nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, decreased appetite, constipation, rash, dizziness and headache. The most severe side effects are kidney failure, liver failure, ulcers and prolonged bleeding after an injury or surgery (Ogbru, 1997). Mechanisms of Action Prostaglandins are a group of lipid compounds that are produced by specific group of enzymes called cyclooxygenases from arachidonic acid (Zeilhofer, 2007), which promote vital functions in inflammation, pain, fever; support the blood clotting function of platelets; and protect the lining of the stomach from the damaging effects of acid (Ogbru, 1997) (Figure 1). Mode of action of NSAIDs is to exert anti-inflammatory, analgesic (pain relieving), and antipyretic (fever-reducing) effects through the blockade of prostaglandin synthesis via non-selective inhibition of cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2) isozymes (Chakraborti et al., 2010). Both COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes produce prostaglandins that serve inflammation, pain and fever. However, only COX-1 produces and regulates prostaglandins that protect the stomach (gastrointestinal) and support platelets (Ogbru, 1997) (Figure 2). NSAIDs reduce the concentration of prostaglandins throughout the body by blocking the COX enzymes. As a result of this, ongoing inflammation, pain and fever are decreased. For example, when concentration of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) elevates in certain parts of the brain, body temperature increases. This increase in body temperature changes the firing rate of neurons that control thermoregulation in the hypothalamus. Aspirin which can act as an antipyretic, work by inhibiting the enzyme cyclooxygenase and reducing the levels of PGE2 within the hypothalamus of the brain. As a consequence, body temperature falls, and fever is relieved (Aronoff Neilson, 2001). It is important to understand that the pain pathway is not the same for fever and other cases like tissue injuries. In tissue injury, prostaglandins together with other agents like histamine, act on the sensory neurons present in the injured or stimulated tissue which in turn conduct the generated signal to the spinal cord. The afferent fibres (neurons) transmit the pain signal to the spinal cord. The signal is then propagated from the spinal cord to the pain centres in brain. This is carried out by synapse formation between afferent sensory neuron in the dorsal root ganglion of the spinal cord, transferring the signal up the spinothalamic tract to synapse in the thalamus. Therefore the final synapse with the primary sensory cortex fibres occurs in the thalamus (Lorne, 2010) (Figure 3 4). As a result of this, pain centres in brain will become alerted and body will feel the pain. Therefore, prostaglandin synthesis inhibition by NSAIDs will result in pain pathway blockage, hence reduc ing or killing the pain. Irrespective of the type of injured tissue (ligament, tendon or muscle), the body reacts to injury with a sequence of events that initiates with an influx of inflammatory cells and blood. Removal of debris and recruiting growth factors e.g. cytokines toward the injury site are the subsequent events that are carried out by the inflammatory cells. The same Prostaglandins that are blocked by NSAIDs are partly involved in this inflammatory stage. In a normal healing process (without application of NSAIDs), a proliferative stage consisting of a mixture of fibroblasts and inflammatory cells naturally follows the inflammatory stage. At this stage, the fibroblasts construct a new extracellular matrix and continue into the maturation stage (final stage) where functional tissue is laid down. The crucial point is that each stage of repair is a prerequisite for the subsequent stage. Hence, although blocking the inflammatory stage by NSAIDs relieves the pain, it may delay the healing of musculosk eletal injuries (Stovitz Johnsons, 2003). Side effects of NSAIDs such as ulcers and bleeding promotion are due to reduction in bodys prostaglandin level which protects the stomach and supports platelets and blood clotting. In other words, NSAIDs like aspirin, especially in high doses, act as pain killers by reducing prostaglandin concentration; however, this reduction can also raise severe unwanted effects like ulcers (Ogbru, 1997). There are various NSAIDs in terms of potency, duration of action, body elimination manner, how strongly they inhibit COX-1 and their tendency to cause ulcers or promote bleeding. The more an NSAID blocks COX-1, the greater is its tendency to cause ulcers and promote bleeding. One NSAID,  celecoxib  (Celebrex), blocks COX-2 but has little effect on COX-1, and is therefore further classified as a selective COX-2 inhibitor. Selective  COX-2 inhibitors  cause less bleeding and fewer ulcers than other NSAIDs. (Ogbru, 1997). Rofecoxib (tradename = Vioxx) In 1999, two new highly selective COX-2 inhibitors, known as coxibs (celecoxib and rofecoxib) which were claimed to have low gastrointestinal (GI) side effects were introduced which resulted in high commercial development. Rofecoxib (Vioxx) was introduced by Merck (one of the largest pharmaceutical companies) as a more effective and a safer alternative to NSAIDs for the treatment of pain associated with osteoarthritis (Krumholz et al., 2007). While found to have fulfilled these goals in part, a worrying series of events took place in the late 2004 period when rofecoxib was withdrawn worldwide from the market because of alarming cardiovascular incidents and concerns about increased risk of heart attack and stroke due to long-term, high-dosage use. Other coxibs were subsequently withdrawn on suspicion of having the same adverse effects, although to a varying degree (Rainsford, 2007). Previous to introducing the drug to the market, it were concerned that the drug might have adverse effects on the cardiovascular system by changing prostacyclin to thromboxane ratio, which have opposite effects on regulating blood flow and clotting. (Prostacyclin and thromboxane are members of the family of lipids known as eicosanoids.) (Krumholz et al., 2007) A study sponsored by Merck during 1996-1997 reported that rofecoxib decreased the concentration of prostacyclin metabolites in urine in healthy volunteers by about half. Merck officials sought to soften  the academic authors interpretation that COX-2 inhibition within the vascular endothelium may increase the propensity for thrombus formation, the basis of what became  known as the FitzGerald hypothesis. The academic authors changed  the manuscript at Mercks request-for example, they changed  systemic biosynthesis of prostacyclin was decreased by  [rofecoxib] to Cox-2 may play a role in the systematic biosynthesis  of prostacyclin. (Krumholz et al., 2007). However, despite knowing that rofecoxib may elevate thrombus formation, none of the studies that constituted Mercks new drug application to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1998 were designed to examine cardiovascular risk. The studies were all generally small, had short treatment periods, enrolled patients at low risk of cardiovascular disease, and did not have a standardised procedure to collect cardiovascular results (Krumholz et al., 2007). In 1999, the largest study on rofecoxib, the vioxx gastrointestinal outcomes research (VIGOR), took place by Merck. The purpose of the study was to show that the drug would have fewer GI side effects than naproxen (NSAID) for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. The study took place without a standard procedure for collecting information on cardiovascular events. Finally, the study showed that rofecoxib was not more effective in terms of mitigating symptoms of arthritis but halved the risk of GI events. However, the study showed that there was also evidence of an increased risk of myocardial infarction. Therefore, the first suspicion about the metabolite meanings i.e. urine prostacyclin data was right. Nevertheless, Merck decided to propose a naproxen assumption, implying that rofecoxib had not been harmful but that naproxen had been protective, despite having no evidence that naproxen had a protective effect on cardiovascular system (Krumholz et al., 2007). Finally, after wide usage of Vioxx in clinical centres around the world for around 5 years, due to an increase in serious cardiovascular events, the company voluntarily withdrew Vioxx from the market, in 2004. Currently, a lot of studies are taking place to discover why cardiovascular failures took place with coxibs, to identify safer coxibs, and to clarify the roles of COX-2 and COX-1 in cardiovascular diseases and stroke in order to develop newer agents to control these conditions (Rainsford, 2007). Overall, in order to improve the care of patients and gain their trust back, putting patients interests first is necessary. A renewed commitment and re-establishing collaborations between industry, academics, journals and practising doctors are the only way to extract something positive from this unfortunate event.

Creative Story: Lobito :: essays research papers

Creative Story: Lobito Not once is there a boring moment in my house! That's because of my dog Lobito. Unlike other families that have a human sometimes being the clown of their family, in my family my dog Lobito is the clown. He has got to be the funniest dog alive. From his jealousy fits, and his way of picking fights with the rest of the dogs to his no stop playing with his stuffed animals. Well the best place to start would be by describing his way of fighting with other dogs. He's straight out of one of those movies where there saying â€Å" hold me back†. No matter how big the dog is he will challenge him. This would be great if he actually followed through with his threat but he doesn't. He has this funny habit that when were holding him back from another dog, his bark starts getting louder. While holding him back he tends to pull and yank hard, and almost say â€Å"let me at him†. The funny part is when we actually do let him go, he's surprised we let him go , and gives us this look like hey hold me back! Another thing that goes along with his fighting techniques, are his day dream desires of being a security dog. We have this one dog named Pinto that Lobito hates with all his heart. Being that Pinto is alot older and bigger than Lobbito , Lobito never dares raise a bark at Pinto. But don't ever tell Pinto to go outside the house, because as soon as Lobito hears the words â€Å"Pinto outside†, hell breaks loose. Lobito will come tearing around the corner like if he heard Puppy Chow was going to be on sale. He starts barking and yelping right behind Pinto with an occasional nip at his tail. At the same time while this is all going on he tends to give us a look that says how am I doing? Well that's not the worst part, the worst part is when it comes to his jealousy. It could be said that Lobito has this idea that he's number one, and he's got this idea for everything that happens to him. Due to this idea of his we make it a point not to pet any other dog besides him while he's around, and if we accidentally do pet another dog he makes it clear to us he's upset with us by growling. We never let him catch us petting another dog! He'll come right up

Internet Privacy

Joyce Betts 03/04/2013 Week 4 Assignment Short Critical Reflection Paper The three Questions I have chosen are: * Online education has evolved over the last ten years as much as the cell phone. Given this, what have been some of the major improvements and changes in the digital classroom? In the 1900s, few universities had online classes. Today, online education is one of the most exciting and revolutionary aspects of our education. Ashford University is one of the top ten online schools, and by now you have a good understanding of how it works.Course management systems are software programs that define the online classroom environment. In late 2009, Ashford University made a change from Blackboard to eCollege software. Most educators believe that Blackboard is one of the most basic systems in distance learning. On the other hand, some people have called eCollege a â€Å"force to be reckoned with† (Babb & Mirabella, 2007,p. 162). With a growing demand for these systems among e ducational institutions, the developers will continue to put pressure on each other to improve their products.This benefits the student, because it ensures that course management software will continue to evolve and enhance the online learning experience. * What types of strategies can educators use to ensure their students are not â€Å"flaming† in a way that causes damage to others? Flaming is a term that describes an increasingly intense and vicious debate. Always avoid offensive language, and be sure to reread everything you write so that it cannot be interpreted as offensive in any way.Never share personal material about any other classmate in a post. Opinions are important to share, but do not make posts a stage from which to broadcast your personal views of life. Making sure each and every student understands the rules of proper etiquette. Finally, if you have a question about something you what to write or about what another student wrote, email your professor private ly. If I post a poem on my Facebook site and someone cuts and pastes it on their site is that a case for stealing my intellectual property?I do not think this is stealing my intellectual property. If you did not want it posted on other sites you need to copyright it. In conclusion, the dark side of the internet will always be with us. If you arm yourself with knowledge, install advances software protection, and license your intellectual property, you should have save experience. References: Bowles, M. D (2010). Introduction to computer literacy. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc. Chapter 8

Theories of the Universe essays

Theories of the Universe essays There are many theories on how the universe came to be. After reading several articles I have found 4 theories in three articles that I find to be the most intriguing. Three of the four articles deal with new theories, and one of the four articles give evidence to support the Big Bang Theory. I have chosen this topic because, I found it one of the most interesting topics we discussed in our class during the discussion of the origin of the universe. In the first article, titled When Branes Collide a theory call the Epyrotic Theory states that the universe existed in static state for trillions of years; long before the period of fifteen millions that the big bang claims. Then, fifteen million years ago another universe, in another dimension, crashed into our universe. This collision caused our universe to heat up and expand into the universe, as we know it today. According to the theory there are branes (membranes) that exists in five dimensions. Some of these membranes that exist in this five dimensional space are infinitely long, parallel planes that are close correspondence to our universe (Cowen). Also, there maybe other universes floating in the fifth dimension, but cant be seen because particles and light cant travel threw this dimension. This fifth dimension is of infinite size and contains three-dimensional membranes that are on either side. In the original theory a third membrane comes off of the original membrane opposite of ours and collides with it; this in turn ignites the Big Bang. However, if this were to happen, the universe would contract rather than expand. In the new modified theory, one of the membranes moves steadily towards the other membrane, as they move closer and closer to each other the fifth dimension shrinks and the finally collapses after the membranes touch. Then, after the membranes touch the bounce off of each other causing the universe to expand and recreating...

This is a brief introduction into my R.E coursework, which is based upon religious programmes in the media Essay Example

This is a brief introduction into my R.E coursework, which is based upon religious programmes in the media Essay Example This is a brief introduction into my R.E coursework, which is based upon religious programmes in the media Essay This is a brief introduction into my R.E coursework, which is based upon religious programmes in the media Essay Since religious programmes started broadcasting on the television in 1946, many peoples knowledge about other faiths other than their own, have grown. This is due to the fact that there is a vast majority of viewers tuning into these programmes shown on the television, which are usually shown on the television on a Sunday morning or afternoon. They are usually aired at this time because many older people are unable to get access to their local church so they watch these programmes instead. These series of programmes are called the God slot.Many other religions show programmes to do with their faith if there is a religious occasion, but it is mainly Christian programmes about the church and issues concerning the world.Most religious programmes give the viewers either a positive or negative impression towards their religion. This often influences younger viewers against the idea of religion, if they see the church as a dull and place which only old people go to. Some programmes give th e viewers this impression, but now there are many programmes in which they show the church in a much brighter and more enjoyable place to be. They show many programmes during Christian festivals (Christmas and Easter) that show the church as a fun and enjoyable place, which they hope, will influence younger viewers and increase the number of people attending the festivals in churches. This tactic is also used for other religions such as Hinduism and Judaism when they have important festivals up coming such as Deepawali and The Passover. This is quite a useful way of broadcasting other religions and showing to the viewers that the programmes on the television concerning religion are not biased.I have concluded that if comedy is added to religious programmes, this will increase the number of younger viewers. This is because they will find the church much more than a chore or a place of no fun with loads of old people, but of a place that makes religion enjoyable and fun for others.Rel igious DocumentariesIntroductionIn our previous R.E lesson, we watched two videos that was to teach people from other religions about the Muslim ways of life and about a course that could make people that are not very religious, into religious people. These types of religious programmes are called religious documentaries. There are many other categories of religious programmes other than documentaries, and here are a few of them:* Worship* Magazine* Animation* MusicHere is a chart that states whether these religious programmes are documentary, worship, magazine, animation or music.Name of ProgrammeChannelBroadcast timeLengthCategoryThe Heaven and Earth ShowBBC 110.00 am1 hourMagazineThe Beginners BibleChannel 58.00 am1/2 hourAnimationSunday MorningITV111.00 am1 hourMagazineMy Favourite HymnsITV110.30 am1/2 hourMusicThe Belief FileThe programme about the Muslim faith was called the Belief File. This is on BBC 1 around 2am to 6am for 1 hour on a Sunday morning and this is classified a s a documentary.The people in this documentary about the Muslim faith, where young Muslims explaining about their religion and answering the questions put forward by the couple of children that where learning about the Muslim faith. They mentioned the 5 pillars of Islam and how a Muslim prepares themselves in their special way for their daily prayers.I cannot recall any music being used in this presentation, but there was some prayers being read out and that sounded musical.The audience was our class and they were watching the video and taking down notes on what they were seeing about the Muslim faith. After watching the video our teacher asked us what we had thought about the video that we watched and had a class discussion.The pace of the programme was quite steady; they repeated a couple of the words twice so the audience could understand the pronunciation of the words. They did use subtitles for these words so the viewers knew how they were spelt.I think that the target audience was younger viewers. I think that they want to give younger viewers a well-balanced look towards religion in the world and so that they do not think that there is only one religion dominating the world. They want them to know that they live in a multi-cultural society.I do not think that this programme was very enjoyable, even though I thought that it taught very well about Islam.I think that some people might have not liked the fact that it is on in the early hours of the morning and that there was no background music.It was what I had expected from a religious point of view, as it taught people about the Islamic faith and their ways of life very well.I think that it was a good representation of the Islamic religion as it out lined the most important things in a Muslims life.I think that aim of the documentary was to teach younger viewers about the many religions in the world and I think that they might have succeeded in this.I do not think that they have taught the viewers very i nterestingly in this programme.ConclusionI think that this programme was good in terms of teaching the Muslim faith but was rather dull. Most of my classmates thought that as well.Alpha-Will it change their lives?The programme about the Alpha course was called Alpha-Will it change their lives? This is on ITV late at night for 1 hour. This programme is classified as a documentary.This programme was based on the Alpha course, in which many people that are not religious go along to meetings and discussions, which teach them about Christianity and bring them, closer to God. We watched a clip of the programme where a taxi drivers wife had been going to these classes and then he decided to join also. He says it completely changed my life and he also said he is in touch with the Holy Sprit.There was no music involved with the clips of the programme we watched and was no audience participation at all.The pace was quite moderate as they got through I think 4 or 5 people in a 1-hour episode. As I only saw 1 clip, I cannot comment on the structure of the programme.I think that the target audience of this programme was none religious people. This is because they were trying to introduce what the Alpha course is about and there would be no point showing it to religious people, as they are already aware of their religion, instead it is aimed at those less religious people.There was nothing at all enjoyable in this programme and I didnt expect it to be anyway.I think that some people might not like the programme because was trying to make people turn into religious people and many none religious people might frown upon some course trying to change their lives.The programme was not what I had expected. This is because I thought that it would be a bit more fun as they are trying to make people join this Alpha course and it was actually a boring programme, from what I saw anyway.I think that it was not great representation of the religion, but was okay. It showed how the cours e changed peoples lives, but it was rather dull too.I think that the aim of this documentary was to turn people that are not particularly religious, into religious people.I am not sure if the aims were met as I only watched a bit of it, but I would guess that did meet the aims they had set themselves.It didnt teach interestingly also and that is the sole reason why I did not particularly like this programme.ConclusionI think that this programme was very dull and most of my classmates thought that as well.A Religious Magazine ProgrammeIntroductionIn our previous R.E lesson, we watched two videos that were both religious magazine programmes. One was called The Heaven and Earth show and the other was called Sunday Morning. They are both shown at 10am on a Sunday morning and they both last 1-hour. The Heaven and Earth show is shown on BBC 1 and Sunday Morning is shown on ITV. I am now going to analyse the two magazine programmes.The Heaven and Earth showThere were two presenters, who we re joined by guests, on each separate topic that was being discussed.There was not much music being added to the background in this programme, but there was some music at the beginning of the programme and when they were showing the viewers what issues they were going to discuss in the programme.There was some audience participation, as they had a phone in, where the viewers had their say on the issues being discussed and there was also an email address, so viewers could email them instead of phoning in if they preferred.The pace of the programme was quite slow and they had quite a lot to say, which might have made it quite boring for younger viewers.I think that the programme wasnt structured that well. They might have interested the older people, but they might have put the younger people off, as they didnt have particularly interesting topics. But they did have a quite good issue at the end, which might have pleased the younger people, if they were still watching, which was when the Reverend went to a dating agency. Although they did cover four different topics well.In this programme, they were discussing many different issues. They were discussing:* War and Afghanistan* Stardom* Dreams* Reverends and dating agenciesOn the discussion panels about the war and Afghanistan, there was John Torode, from the Daily Mail and Dr Scilla Elworthy. In the interview on stardom was David Essex, talking about his music career and about when he played Jesus in a play, and how he was publicly criticised as people were saying that he wasnt religious. In the conversation on dreams, was Helen McLean. This was also when there was a phone in, where people discussed their dreams and what they could possible mean. Lastly, there was their Reverend, and how she went to a dating agency and when she met many different people.There was not much religion mentioned in the programme. There was a bit religion coming into the Reverend and the dating agency and when they were talking about W ar in Afghanistan, but that was it. It was not what I had expected, I thought they were going to discuss more religious issues.ConclusionI thought that this programme was not that bad as I enjoyed the part at the end when the Reverend went to the dating agency. Before that, the programme was not that interesting and me and other classmates found the last bit to be the best bit.Sunday MorningIn this programme there was also two presenters, who were joined by guests, on each separate topic that was being discussed.There was more music in this programme than in the previous programme. They had some at the beginning and when they showed the topics that they were going to discuss, but they also had a band singing in the studio called Shine. This band is a girl band that brings up religion in their songs.There was also some audience participation in this programme, but this had an agony aunt in the studio.The pace of the programme was also slow like the previous programme.The programme st ructure was a bit 50/50, as they might have interested younger viewers with the music at the beginning, but might have made the older people that this wasnt a programme about religion and could put them off the programme.They were discussing a second marriage for divorced people and how hard it is to find a church to marry them. They had a discussion with the girl band and why they are singing songs that have a link to religion and God. They had a chat with Terry Waite, who had been a hostage and also had the agony aunt at the end.There was more religion in this programme than the previous, and it was all about Christianity.It was a bit of what I expected, but I thought that they might have had a multifaith conversation, which they didnt.ConclusionI think that this programme was very dull! It started off well with a girl band singing in the studio but the programme became quite a bore really. Im almost certain that all of my classmates hated the Sunday Morning show and preferred the Heaven and Earth Show.A Religious Worship ProgrammeIntroductionIn our previous R.E lesson, we watched a religious worship that is called Songs of Praise. This is shown at 5.20pm on Sunday, on BBC1. This last for approximately 35 minutes. I was not in the lesson when the rest of the class viewed this particular episode, so I have had to watch it in my own time and therefore seen a different episode to the rest of my class.In this programme the presenter, Pam Rhodes, was talking to people and discussing stuff such as great British musician, Elger, Christian unity in the Cathedral in Worchester, 5000 books in the church written by monks, 2 local men taking part in a rowing tournament and Terrorism in the world today. The members and choir of the church also sang about 7 hymns in the course of the programme.In this programme, there was a few people being interviewed and the rest of the people involved were the choir and the people singing the hymns in the church.There was quite a lot o f music in this programme. At the beginning there was some and there was a lot of hymns being sung.The audience for this programme was the church and the people watching the programme on the television.The pace of the programme was quite quick, and they covered about 5 topics on the show.I think that the target audience of this programme was likely to be older religious people as it had many older people singing in the church and in the choir. I think that they focus on these people as some older people might not be able to get to church and would rather watch the hymns on the television. This might be why they had the lyrics for all the hymns sung.I do not think that this programme was interesting or enjoyable at all! It was all about people singing in the church and I found this very boring.I think that some people might not like this programme and think that it was not fashionable because it was more for the older people that couldnt get to the church in time for the hymns. I als o think that some people might not have liked this programme because it was rather old fashioned, they talked a lot about the past and history of the city Worchester.I think that this programme was quite good in representing the Christian religion and was better in terms of religious output than the previous programmes in the other sections. They had the church in it a lot, they had hymns and they had history about religious people.I think that that most religious Christians would have liked this programme very much as they had lots of hymns being sung and they talk about many religious issues in the world today as well as in the past. For example, when they were talking about the terrorism, one man said that they should not be killing innocent Afghans, but they should kill Satan himself .The people talking about their separate issues were not particularly mentioning God but I think that when the man was saying, kill Satan himself I think that had a link to God. As God does not w ant people killing one another, but wants them to kill Satan himself by resisting the temptation of bombing Afghanistan. I also think that the people singing the hymns were reaching out to God and praising Him.ConclusionI think that this programme was very boring and although my classmates did not see the episode that I did, but the one that they watched, must surely have been equally as boring and dull.Religion in Soap OperasIntroductionIn our previous R.E lesson, we watched two soap operas. A Soap Opera is a very popular form of television in which sets of characters are followed as they live theyre lives individually and in their community. We watched them to see their religious content. Most Soap Operas tend to base their stories on things like abortion, euthanasia, racism, prejudice, homosexuality, theft etc. We watched Brookside, which is shown three times a week at either 8pm or 8:30pm on Channel 4 and Eastenders, which is shown four times a week at either 7:30m or 8pm on BBC 1.BrooksideAddle, who is 14 years old, has had an abortion. In many religions this is considered to be a sin, as it is considered to be murder. It also interferes with The Sanctity of Life, but in the Hindu faith, this would be okay as they believe in reincarnation. Reincarnation is when you die and then you will keep coming back to earth in another body until you are pure enough to get to Moksha. Moksha is what Hindus believe is heaven.I think that the producer has chosen this topic as it is quite a well-known thing and comes up quite a lot in peoples lives. The relationship between the family members is very brittle. This is because the mum had had a miscarriage and she really wants a baby and her daughter had got pregnant and then had an abortion. The mum is angry with her husband as he drove her to the abortion. Addles brother is very upset about the abortion but the dad seems to be okay about the whole thing.The minister, who comes to talk to Addle and tell her that she will me et her baby in heaven, is dealing with the whole abortion issue quite well and is comforting her although Addle is very stressed. This is when religion is brought into the soap opera.I think that the effect on the viewers must have been quite big, as they must have all thought that she would have kept the baby and that she did not want to commit another sin.In this episode there was quite a bit of religion mentioned as they had the minister coming to talk to Addle. I also think that it was a direct reference to religion.I dont think that there were the opinions two different religions in this episode.The events that occurred in the programme were not faithful to a religious position as she had the abortion and committed another sin, which was sex before marriage, which both the Bible and the Quran say is wrong.I think that soap operas are the best place to deal with these types of issues as they can occur in many peoples lives and in soap operas, they show how to deal with the situa tion. At the end of some soap operas they will have a telephone number at the bottom for people to ring if they have been effected by any of the issues in the episode.ConclusionI myself do not watch much of Brookside, but I think that this episode was quite good and mot of my classmates had varied expressions on the episode.EastendersFrank, who is married to Peggy and Pat, who is married to Roy commit adultery. This is forbidden in possible every religion known and many people that arent very religious also think that this is morally wrong. In the Ten Commandments it says, Do not commit adultery and also the Quran says, Resist temptation, permissiveness and adultery is wrong . But they can not resist the temptation and commit adultery. In this episode, Peggy and Roy discover Frank and Pat and then Frank runs away.I think that the producer has chosen this topic, as it is the most well known issue to occur in peoples lives today.The end result of this was that Peggy and Roy found o ut what was happening and therefore Peggy breaking up with Frank and Roy breaking up with Roy, although they both got back together again. It ended with them being found out, Frank running away and Roy eventually forgiving Pat.This must have come to be a big shock for the viewers, as Pat and Frank broke up and had moved on, but they renew their love once again.I think that what happened was not religious and that there was no religion what so ever mentioned in it. They did not think about the sins that they were committing, but more about what they were going to do if they were found out!I do not think that the episode was faithful towards any religion as they had done what every religion tells you not to do, which is commit adultery.I think that religion could have easily been brought into this episode, with a friend who knows what is going on stopping them or referring them to a minister or something like that.Once again I think that soap operas are the right place to deal with th ese situations. I think this because many people watch Eastenders and if they see the things that are happening and if they are happening to them or friends then they will know how to handle the situation.ConclusionI watch a lot of Eastenders and myself and my classmates enjoyed the episode as they have Peggy and Roy finding out what Frank and Pat have been getting up to.How a religious/moral issue isDealt with in a drama/filmIntroductionVery often, even if a film or drama is not a specifically religious film or drama, religious and moral issues are part of the story line. Issues such as abortion, racism, sexism, euthanasia, adultery, etc.Four weddings and a funeralIn this film, the issues being looked at are, immorality, marriage and living in sin. These issues are all religious, as they are all going against what is written in the Bible.Marriage is not going against what is written in the Bible, but in this film, a man is about to get married to a women that he does not love, whic h is not considered to be right in the Bible. He then does what would be considered to be the right thing in the eyes of God, when he tells the woman that he does not want to marry her, as he loves someone else. This was the right thing to do as in the vows that they take, they are suppose to spend the rest of their life together, not to keep secrets from each other and to love and cherish each other, etc.Immorality comes into this film when the woman is talking to the man about how many people she has slept with and it actually came up to about 30!Living in sin comes into this film when at the end when the man has told the woman that he was going to marry, that he does not want to marry her, he asks the woman that he loves to live with him. She accepts and then they live in sin together.I am not sure that these issues will have a massive effect on the characters themselves, as it vastly depends on whether they are very religious, not partly religious or not religious at all.If ther e was religious viewers watching this film, then they would not be pleased with the sins being committed, but would probably be pleased when the man tells the woman that he does not want to marry her, as it was the right thing to do in the eyes of God.Religion says that immorality and living in sin are both wrong and are sins. In the Ten Commandments it says, Do not commit adultery and also the Quran says, Resist temptation, permissiveness and adultery is wrong.ConclusionI think that this film was a great success and did cover the religious aspects of the film particularly well because there was a lot of sins being committed in the film, and I feel they did make the religious viewers understand that it was part of the film story line.The Vicar of DibleyThe episode of The Vicar of Dibley that we watched during class was the first episode ever. This religious drama is shown on BBC 1 or 2. The religious issues being discussed in this episode is to do with sexism and discrimination. Thi s religious issue as it is to do with the church ministers being sexist towards the new vicar who is a woman. The church has often been accused of being sexist and this is being fully exploited in this episode. The Bible also says that discrimination is wrong, its says to treat all equally.In this episode, the village of Dibley was awaiting the arrival of theyre new vicar after the death of their previous vicar. Then the new vicar arrives and the are all shocked to find that the replacement of their previous vicar is a woman.The fact that the replacement vicar was a woman shocked the village people and could had great impact on the viewers that are religious and were watching this episode. They might not have expected a woman vicar and still many religious Christians could not accept a woman vicar, although the Church of England, Protestant and other churches, except for the Roman Catholic churches say that is ok to have a women vicar.ConclusionI think that this programme shares the views of many religious people on a woman being a vicar but still is considered to be sexism and discrimination in the eyes of God and many other non-religious people. Some may argue that Jesus did not have any female disciples, but at that time if he did have woman disciples, he and them would have probably been killed. But Jesus did have a vast amount of woman followers and he also treated them equally.Does television always presents religious people as being out of touch with the modern world?IntroductionI am going to look at examples and evidence from both sides to come to a conclusion on whether religious people in television programmes are in touch or out of touch with the modern world. When we say this person is in touch this means that they are aware of the current affairs in the world and in terms of television, music, sport, etc. A person that is out touch with the modern world is a person that does not know much about the current affairs in the world and dont know much a bout television, music, sport, etc.The Simpsons Marge SimpsonMy first example of a character that is in touch with the modern world is a character in an animation called The Simpsons who is called Marge. She is a religious person and I will be analysing this religious character to decide whether she is in or out of touch with the modern world. Marge Simpson is one of those religious people that know about the world and I would say she is in touch with the modern world. She not like most religious people on the television, she is popular, knows about the modern world in the terms of music and television, she has reasonable answers to peoples questions that keep them happy. In a paper article I saw in class the writer, has included quotes from people saying that Marge is my candidate for saint-hood. She is a forgiving, loving person, absolutely saintly. Another quote was that, they actually speak to God. The producer probably had an idea that The Simpsons should be rather a hell rais ing family, but instead people are praising them for being very religious.Peak PracticeMy second example of a character that is in touch with the modern world is the new vicar in Peak Practice. I think that this vicar is not what you would call a stereotypical vicar. From the moment I saw the vicar, I didnt believe that he was a vicar. Most vicars you would see would be dressed like a normal old-fashioned vicar. Although this vicar was still wearing his dog collar, he was wearing jeans and a red jumper over his it and you would not have known he was a vicar if you met him on the street. I think that he is in touch because for one, he went to the pub for the quiz night, and at the quiz night, he knew the answers to all the questions to do with sport, films and music. An old woman had also questioned him in the pub about him drinking and he replied, even Jesus had a drink once in a while. He had previously asked six local lads, if he organised a church football team, if they would pla y.Vicar of DibleyMy third example of a character in a television programme that is in touch with the modern world is the women vicar in the Vicar of Dibley who is called Geraldean. She is the type of vicar that most people in the 21st Century would love to have as their vicar. I think that she is in touch with the modern world because she is a fun, loose type of woman and she also is aware of many things in the world in terms of films, television and music. She even has a picture of an actor next to her picture of Jesus in her bedroom!The Heaven and Earth ShowMy fourth example of a character that is in touch with the modern world is the women vicar from The Heaven and Earth Show. She is similar to the women vicar in the Vicar of Dibley. She is a loose type of person and she is not particularly a stereotypical vicar. As seen in this episode, she was going to a dating agency and taking part in it.Alpha Will it change their lives?This is my first example of a person in a television pr ogramme that I think is out of touch with the modern world. His name is Reverend Doctor Steven Shakespeare from a church in Sheffield. We only saw a brief clip of this programme in class, but from what I saw of this Reverend, he seemed to be very dull and boring. He didnt talk about much apart from the Bible, but you could tell from the way in which he dressed that he was out of touch with the modern world.The Simpsons Reverend LovejoyThis is my second example of a character in an animation, but this time I feel that this character, Revered Lovejoy, is very out of touch with the modern world. He doesnt seem to be aware of what is fun and good in the world and is a very boring character. He bores many of the people that go to the church on a Sunday and when anyone asks him for advise, he doesnt seem to care or no what to say.The Simpsons Ned FlandersThis is my third example of a character in an animation, Ned Flanders, that is very out of touch with the modern world. He is very cau tious on what he or lets his children do, as he thinks that things such as sweets with a devil on the front, are bad for his children. The way he dresses also shows how out of touch and out of fashion he is.Eastenders Dorothy CottonThis is my fourth example of a character in a television programme that is out of touch with the modern world. She is a stereotypical Christian. What I mean by this is that she is always going to church on a Sunday, is very cautious on what she says and does, as she feels that it might have some affect on her religion.ConclusionI have come to a conclusion that there will always be at least one out of touch religious person in a television programme. I think that many in touch religious people are being introduced to television programmes, butthere will always be at least one out of touch person as I think that they are there to show that religion is not all changing because many younger religious people are not being old-fashioned and doing as they pleas e.Overall ConclusionAfter 4 months on studying religion in the media, I have noticed and learnt many different things about how religion is acted by the characters and how it is presented on the television to the audience. Religion is not always the moral of many soap operas, but religion, most of the time, comes up in the story line, even if it was not intended to. There are programmes that are meant to involve religion and revolve around it such as religious documentaries and magazines. Films are most probably where you would least expect religion to be in, but believe or not, it is brought up quite a lot.The actors that are playing the part of a religious person in many cases today are coming across as young, sociable people and there are becoming fewer old fashioned religious people in television programmes.

Free Essays on Network Analysis

Network Analysis pg. 1 The success of virtually all organizations in business, government, and defense is dependent on the availability and correct functioning of large-scale networked information systems. Because of the severe consequences of failure, organizations are focusing on system survivability as a key risk management step. Survivability is the capability of a system to fulfill its mission in a timely manner, even in the presence of attacks or failures. Survivability goes beyond security and fault tolerance to focus on delivery of essential services even when systems are penetrated or experience failures and rapid recovery of full services when conditions improve. Unlike traditional security measures that require central control and administration, survivability addresses highly distributed network environments that lack central control and unified security policies. The focus of survivability is on delivery of essential services and preservation of essential assets. Essential services and assets are those system capabilities that are critical to fulfilling mission objectives. Survivability depends on three key capabilities, resistance, recognition, and recovery. Resistance is the capability of a system to repel attacks. Recognition is the capability to detect attacks as they occur and to evaluate the extent of damage and compromise. Recovery, a hallmark of survivability, is the capability to maintain essential services and assets during attack, limit the extent of damage, and restore full services following attack. The Network Analysis method is a practical engineering process that permits systematic assessment of the survivability properties of proposed systems, existing systems, and modifications to existing systems. The analysis is carried out at the architecture level by a team of system architects, developers. The method proceeds through a series of joint working sessions, culminating in a briefing on findings and... Free Essays on Network Analysis Free Essays on Network Analysis Network Analysis pg. 1 The success of virtually all organizations in business, government, and defense is dependent on the availability and correct functioning of large-scale networked information systems. Because of the severe consequences of failure, organizations are focusing on system survivability as a key risk management step. Survivability is the capability of a system to fulfill its mission in a timely manner, even in the presence of attacks or failures. Survivability goes beyond security and fault tolerance to focus on delivery of essential services even when systems are penetrated or experience failures and rapid recovery of full services when conditions improve. Unlike traditional security measures that require central control and administration, survivability addresses highly distributed network environments that lack central control and unified security policies. The focus of survivability is on delivery of essential services and preservation of essential assets. Essential services and assets are those system capabilities that are critical to fulfilling mission objectives. Survivability depends on three key capabilities, resistance, recognition, and recovery. Resistance is the capability of a system to repel attacks. Recognition is the capability to detect attacks as they occur and to evaluate the extent of damage and compromise. Recovery, a hallmark of survivability, is the capability to maintain essential services and assets during attack, limit the extent of damage, and restore full services following attack. The Network Analysis method is a practical engineering process that permits systematic assessment of the survivability properties of proposed systems, existing systems, and modifications to existing systems. The analysis is carried out at the architecture level by a team of system architects, developers. The method proceeds through a series of joint working sessions, culminating in a briefing on findings and...

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African American Adolescents Future Education Orientation - Essay Example In the articles that have been presented, it is clear that the authors have used Krumboltz’s Social Learning Theory to assess the students and the plan are based on this assessment. In the article of Utah’s School counseling, the authors have included some essential elements like the demographic information like sex, race, creed and other relevant information based on which the authors have suggested a plan based on the explanation provided by Krumboltz. The goals that have been set down in the paper are based on the acquisition of self-knowledge and the required skills for negotiating in a world where the level of uncertainty is always high. The decision made in this article also highlights the need that people tend to make poor decisions if the learning opportunity is presented to them, and it is essential to explain the importance of the decision making by career counseling. The article has also highlighted that the Utah schools have adopted counseling where the stud ents to counselor ration should account for 350: 1. However, in the schools of Utah, the schools tend to only use the counselors for specific counseling activities and not for any other activities (Bitner, -Stevenson and Burnham). This allows more effectiveness and concentration of the counselors on the student needs and requirements. A similar situation for a more specific group of students has been presented in the other article. Here again the authors have taken into account the various aspect like race, creed, age and sex of the students and planned a career development plan in an appropriate manner to assist these student develop and have also included an essential factor of the perceived parental support as well (Kerpelman, Eryigit and Stephens).

Stem-Cell Research Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Stem-Cell Research - Term Paper Example The practical use of blood stem use has been in existence for over 40 years with many clinical trials using tissue derived stem cells (Hug, 2010 104)Today stem cell research has developed into one of the most promising and influential fields of medical science. The nature of its experiments and methods, as well as the results, has also made it easily the most controversial. Its connection with cloning has opened it up to attacks from religious groups and with many believing that the science aims at enabling humans to play god. Stem cells are cells with the ability to divide indefinitely and result in a variety of specialized cells in a process known as developmental plasticity. This ability is common in embryonic cells, and they give the cells the highest potential for growth. Moreover, stem cells can be categorized into three different groups based on their differential abilities. Namely, embryonic, adult, and foetal stem cells, it is worth noting that adult stem cells have only rec ently come to be discovered since the presupposition was they rarely contain stem cells, this has been proved wrong by recent research . Tominipotent cells are to be found in exclusively in early embryos from an individual cell in this category, a complete organism can be formed. On the other hand, pluripotent cells exist as undifferentiated in blastocyst (Popular issues 2012). ... Embryonic Stem Cells One of the distinguishing characteristics of the embryonic stem cell is that it can transform into any other cell ranging from brain to liver cells. The chief source of these cells is the fertilized eggs from couples who are going through the In Vitro Fertilization. The 5 to 6 days old pluripotent embryos can differentiate into any one of the three germ layers (Appasani, 2010 pg 182) After the separation of the stem cells, replication of stem cell into stem cell lines follow that is a tedious process which does not guarantee results. Replication of stem cell lines may go on in culture dishes countless times and through a period of many years. Adult Stem Cells These can be found in both children and adults with the name setting them apart from the other kinds of stem cells. Adult stem cells are evident in human beings, but the process of their isolation and identification is what tasks specialists in this field. Consequently, the there is no clear cut information on whether they have restrictions to a variety of cells in relation to single tissue type or if they can exist as any tissue type (University of Edinburg Para 6). Foetal Stem Cells Unlike the other cell types, the foetal stem is easier to collect and have a lower likelihood of rejection (University of Edinburg Para 9). They are collected from aborted fetuses, the umbilical cord, or the placenta, however, Albeit considerably differentiated; they still have the potential to morph into other cell types making them excellent for transplant. However, the downside of these is that they can transmit condition such as leukemia that may not have been detected in the fetus. Besides, there is a plethora of moral and ethical issues, bearing in mind

Problem gambling Essay Example for Free

Problem gambling Essay Did you know that 40% of all problem gamblers started gambling before they were seventeen? Or that problem gambling causes the most suicides out of all the recognized addictions? Even with these facts, the most startling truth is that not one federal dollar, out of the billions collected in gambling taxes, has been spent to treat or help problem gamblers. Gambling is the activity or practice of playing at a game of chance for money or other stakes. Activities that are considered gambling are sports and race bets, lotteries, games like blackjack and poker, and casino games like slots and roulette. Bingo and raffles are technically gambling, but there are no major concerns about them, so they are not included here. Gambling has been legalized by many states, but just because it is does not make it right. Even though gambling is legal, it should not be because of its harmful economic, governmental, and social effects. There are many detrimental economic effects of gambling, but there are two major ones: it siphons money from other industries, and states attempt to use lotteries to boost income. Gambling takes money from consumers that would otherwise be spent in an important industry or charity. Instead, it is essentially thrown away in hopes of getting rich quick. The removal of money from other industries often causes businesses to go bankrupt, therefore creating more unemployed people. You could argue that casinos create jobs, but those jobs do not make enough money to really support a family. The other economic problem that gambling creates is the use of lotteries. States typically use lotteries to make more money, but it is nowhere near as effective as other methods that are in use. The state makes 40% of the money that is put into lotteries, while they make 99% of the money that goes into taxes. Also, sources say that since the poor buy so many more lottery tickets than everyone else, the lotteries have become a tax on the poor and economically disadvantaged. The economic effects may be bad, but the governmental and social effects are far more hurtful. There are a few different damaging effects that gambling has on the government, but they fall into two categories: the government’s role and illegal activity. The government’s role in gambling is not what it should be. Drugs and gambling are both known to be self-destructive, yet drugs are banned and gambling is legalized? To the people that are compulsive gamblers, gambling is a drug to them, so it should be illegal like all other drugs. The other poor role the government has in gambling is that the government gets a cut of the profits from it in the form of taxes. As it was mentioned earlier, the poor and lower-middle class gamble more, so it is essentially a tax on the poor. Illegal activity is another damaging governmental effect of gambling. Since betting on sports and races are legal, it has become far easier for organized crime to make money off of fixed sporting events and racing. From a sports standpoint, it makes â€Å"point-shaving† scandals a potentially larger issue, and can take away from the integrity of the game. Additionally, in areas where gambling is legalized, illegal gambling increases. Since people think it is okay to gamble, they now go to an illegal gambling location so that their winnings, if any, are not taxed by the government. The destructive governmental and economical effects of gambling are horrible, but the social effects are the worst of all. The harmful social effects of gambling are it forces the poor to stay poor, compulsive gamblers bring massive problems, and gambling can ruin lives and families. Gambling at casinos and in lotteries have terrible odds of winning, but the poor, who desperately need the money, try time and time again in hopes of getting lucky to pull out of their economic problems. However, they rarely win, and the amount of money that they pour in forces them stay poor. Even if you are not poor and you start to gamble constantly, you will become poor very quickly. Another harmful social effect of gambling is the presence of compulsive gamblers. Compulsive, or problem, gamblers are people who are addicted to gambling. Gambling is a drug to them, and they cannot stop gambling, no matter the consequences. A study showed that most compulsive gamblers started during their teen years, and that they are in close to $80,000 in debt. Because of the staggering amount of debt they are in, they are a huge burden to their families. The last harmful social effect of gambling is it destroys families. The amount of debt that a compulsive gambler gets into puts way too much strain on the rest of the family to help him or her out of debt. If you are married to a compulsive gambler, it is like being married to a hard-core drug addict, they are forced to throw away money to satisfy their addiction. Unfortunately, sometimes the debt is too much, and the spouse will divorce, shattering the family. The social effects of gambling are the worst, but all the effects of gambling are awful. Unfortunately for us, gambling is legal in almost every state, allowing these hurtful effects to exist. Even though gambling is legal, it should not be because of its harmful economic, governmental, and social effects. If you are considering gambling sometime, think about what you are supporting, and how it could ruin your life.

Integrating Technology In The Teaching And Learning Process Education Essay

Integrating Technology In The Teaching And Learning Process Education Essay In the 21 century, technology is everywhere. Especially the new generation is growing up with technology and gets familiar with it. Computer technologies have dramatically changed the way people reach information, do research and communicate with people all around the world. Because of this reason, schools and teachers need to be aware of improving their technological tools and skills to be able to catch the students` attentions and interests. Using technology in classrooms also makes the lesson more efficient. The presence of technology in education became a must in order to match with the development of other areas such as engineering, medicine, defense and aerospace, agriculture and science of modern times. The field of education has witnessed a great boom in the late twentieth century, but he tends to take us a broad dimensions at the beginning of this century. The governmental and private educational institutions raced towards this direction to find and provide effective means to help the student to learn easily and provide them with the ability to innovate effectively in the study and in their future work. Before we talk about the importance of technology in education, we have to know what is meant by educational technology in education. Educational technology is defined as a means or an integrated process involving theories of education, ideas, and applications through which you try to enter the means of modern technology to match the learning objectives of developing and facilitating education, and to find viable solutions to the problems and learning difficulties faced by the teacher and student. When the means of technology like computers and internet interact in enriching education then the educational process becomes simple and easy in a way that allow those working in the field of education to overcome the problems facing education easily. We can define the role that technology plays in the field of education as follows: 1 The technology plays the role of the guide , which helps the teacher in guiding the scientific material for students, and replaces the traditional method of education in explaining the lesson and providing information. The technology, by all its means of development, can simply do a major change in the private educational level of the teacher and his ability in introducing the approach to the student in a way that gives the opportunity to greater and easier chance in understanding the lessons. This will reflect the students ability to develop his mental and intellectual learning, and refine his creative talents and capabilities in his school activities. 2 A modern and educational tool like computer could focus the attention of students for using it in the field of education. Taking it as a guide or electronic assistant will guide them, by its various programs and functions, in the field of learning and discovering new talent and the development of mental abilities in various subjects and education. As well as the Internet opens a new door that helps students per semester to participate in educational activities in the field of research and exchange of information through these activities. 3 Technology provides an abundant source of information that both the teacher and student need it. Internet has become a broad sea and has a wealth of information such as encyclopedias, dictionaries, maps and other information sources that are difficult to obtain through traditional research. In the time where it takes the teacher or professor days to search for information in a particular subject, going online and surf the internet will not take more than hours (or preferably minutes) to get that information easily without any stress. 4 Technology, as a source of communication, has opened wide branches where the teacher and student stay in a continuous contact by interacting over the internet. While the teacher is sitting in front of his computer, the student can communicate with his/her mentor at home via the Internet , in this case they have found a new way to communicate, and open the door to communicate and discuss matters related to the student in his study. Students can also communicate between each other regarding their homework or their research process. Also the internet became a communication tool between the teacher and the school via emails. Modern schools interact with their teachers via emails not by paper reports. Due to the prior knowledge that I have mentioned , I decided to focus , during my observations, on integration technology in the teaching process. Does the teacher integrate the technology in his/her instructional time ? 2. Literature of review: Technology of education plays a major role in the educational process and this importance is reflected in raising the level of education and learning and the development of thinking, by: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Raising the learners attention: It is working to raise the learner to watch a film or television program or transparent segments on a particular topic. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Increase the experience of the learner: the learning techniques provide new subjects in which the classroom teacher can not provide it, thereby expanding the expertise areas of the learner. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Work on building and configuring the true trends and concepts of the learner by providing a lot of skills and ideas. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Make the learning experience more effective and more lasting impact and less likely to forget. These techniques work on the installation of information for the learners, especially when they see things, where it is difficult to forget because of viewing the content of the picture presented. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Working on the diversification of teaching methods: it can be a diversity in the methods used in education via variety of learning techniques, as they can provide a variety of topics in various ways that differ from those techniques used in the traditional education methods, through the transparent slides or television or cinema or the computer or other diverse educational devices. Mabel CPO Okojie, Anthony A. Olinzock, and Tinukwa C. Okojie.Boulder ( 2011. P. 66 ) indicate that Technology used for teaching and learning should be considered an integral part of instruction and not as an object exclusive to itself. Viewing technology integration from a wide perspective will provide teachers with the necessary foundation to implement technology into the classroom more successfully. The role of technology in teaching English : Lang (2005 ) declares that there are many advantages to the integration of technology in the classroom for students, particularly English as a foreign language. To be able to improve their language skills, such as writing and reading and listening to speak and learn the English language and the use of computers and software to make sure of its work and correct itself, and improve their language skills, and the use of Internet and e-mail to search for information, and to accede to the threats, and the dissemination of their work, and reading texts technology, and communicating between each other even. The reasons that yields for learning languages by the help of the computer: 1 Development of experiential learning in the field of the educational process. 2 Increase the motivation of the students for education. 3 To improving the academic achievement of students. 4 To increase the interaction between the student and the computer. 5 Individual learning through self-learning and make the student self-reliant in learning. 6 To organize the systematic creative thinking of the learner. 7 To save time and reduce the effort on the teacher and the learner. 8 Multiple sources of knowledge for the variety of programs that can be provided by the device to one student or several students to education by conclusion. Advantages of Computer Assisted Language Learning CALL: 1 Motivation: Use technology outside or inside the classrooms usually raise the students interest, where the student interacts with scientific material whether with the help of a mentor or from others, and also the student can deal with parts of the scientific material and the immediate transition from partial to another through multimedia (such as images and video . .) 2 Adapting learning to the student: Computer has an important role in the process of new learning and teaching, and without the use of computers in the educational process it is difficult for the students to achieve academic progress. Adaptation of the student with computers and software means the speed of learning and also the student will be able to choose what to learn, which makes the student more efficient. Students tend to learn in the form of stories and educational games or solve puzzles and this could be through the computer, more than the traditional direct teaching. 3 Individuality: These programs and educational tools correspond with the needs of each learner, and meet the desires and also in line with the scientific level, which allows the student to quickly learn and rely on himself to learn any educational material. 4 Cosmic: It can be accessed anywhere, at any time through these tools without barriers through multimedia, that can be used to introduce the educational material. The role of technology in teaching mathematics : Due to the enormous technical progress that we are witnessing in our time, calculators exist and become accessible to everyone, and moving away from using it in the school curriculum would negatively impact on the attitudes of students towards the study of mathematics, and thus generate a trend towards the introduction of a calculator in the mathematics curriculum, although there was disagreement about the inclusion in the curricula of primary school. The project of the British Schools Council showed that the use of a calculator is effective in the teaching of mathematics in high school, it helps students with less abilities to deal with more mathematical applications instead of spending time in the calculations of the mechanism. And also the results of many studies showed the feasibility of introducing calculators in the mathematics curriculum in high school , for example: 1. Using a calculator helps to change the method of teaching some topics where it is possible to deal with numerical data and perform operations easily while saving time and effort. 2. Using a calculator provides greater opportunities to study the attitudes and realistic dealing with numerical sequences, geometric, and exponential functions, infinite sequences. 3. Using a calculator to give rounding to irrational real numbers. 4. Using a calculator to find rounding for the root of the real roots of an equation of the third degree. We should not stop on the use of calculators only, but it should be extended to include the computer, which can serve largely the process of teaching and learning of mathematics. The computer is the most technical challenge to educators because of its impact on mathematics, and methods of teaching. Many different programs appeared that resulted in a wide range of mathematical functions in addition to the increasing of opportunities for teaching and learning of mathematics through the use of computers as an educational tool. The International Committee for the teaching of mathematics felt sorry about the doubt that still hovers on the introduction of computers to the school curriculum in the nineties, and there were many trends that support the introduction of the PC to the high school approach, whether through the study of computers and training to use it, or through the use of pre designed software or software prepared by the learners themselves. The computer is usually introduced to the curriculum under two distinct segments: 1. Studying the computer and training how to use it. 2. the use of programs to study the mathematical relationships and solving problems. The second goal diverted into two directions: 1. The learners should write their own programs. 2. Learners should use ready programs. Examples of projects that relied on the learners do their own programs (SMP) in the United Kingdom, and (CAMP) and (SOLO) in the United States of America The computer gains an educational feature it became the key that can be used as an educational tool, it can be used as : 1. Electronic board used by the teacher. 2. A mentor that facilitates the learning process of the learner. 3. A means to evaluate the performance of the learner. 4. Individual education where the programs include exercises, training, and self-evaluation. 5. A tool to perform calculations and the representation of functions, operations, 6. A tool to encourage experimentation and research, which are the components in the process of learning and teaching mathematics. It should be noted that the emergence of computer science has increased the importance of teaching mathematics-related to sequences such as counting, matrices and probability, statistics, and requests the introduction of a unit or units for a small computer programming. The major problem that students are facing in math is dealing with real world problems. Rodney X. Sturdivant, Penelope Dunham, and Richard Jardine ( 2009, p.171 ) declare that Teaching problem solving to students in a twenty-first century mathematics program simply should use available technology. Advances in recent years have led to exciting opportunities that allow students in the average mathematics class to work on problems that are much richer and more real than ever before. With these advances comes a need to develop and implement faculty development programs for technology-based instruction in mathematics departments. Integrating a technology-supported focus on problem solving into a mathematics program is, however, an evolutionary process, not a revolutionary one. The implementation involves gradual changes over time in curriculum, pedagogy, and assessment. Similarly, faculty development to support such a technology-based curriculum is best done incrementally. Used properly, technology enhances instruction and makes the class- room more exciting than ever. 3. Methodology : I used classroom observation in analyzing integrating technology during instructional time. I decided to observe an English class and a math class, twice each, for ninths graders at a high school under the name of applied technology. According to my schedule and the other teachers schedule we arranged for four observations. The first two was on Sunday during the 7th and 8th period and it was a math class, while the third and the fourth observations were on Sunday the 7th period and Monday the 2nd period respectively and it was an English class. 4. Analysis: Before start answering this question, I would like to explain some other circumstances that were going on during these periods. I used a form that divided the lesson into 3 parts : beginning Body of the lesson. Closure. These criteria of each part are illustrated in this form: The criteria that I mentioned above helps to have a good educational atmosphere during the class and to implement any strategy or method that should be used during the instructional time. In the English class the 2 periods were about reading and writing . The teacher was using a program called Edmodo for doing activities and involve the students more in the class. She uses the projector and the internet to show the students some videos related to their topic. During the writing period the teacher divided the students into groups , and each group was asked to write an essay by typing it on the laptop and send it to the other groups in order to read them and send their feedback to each other. Edmodo is an online-based interactive tool that is designed for educational purposes. It has both Learning Management System (LMS) features as well as Social Media (SM) and Twitter features/interface. The sheer fact that it looks like FaceBook (FB) makes it easier for students to learn how to use it due to their familiarity with FB. Online discussions:  the teacher post a message that opens the door to an online threaded discussion. The teacher set the minimum word limit for a response. This allows students who are not of high level to take their time before posting their responses as they tend to read the ones posted by their peers first, which is acceptable in an ESL class environment, as long as they dont plagiarize. Sharing Platform: for example, students share two links to online articles on local news. Students are asked to paraphrase the headline and write a preview of 50 words on the article to motivate their peers to read it. Within the same context, students are encouraged to share reviews of books, websites, musical albums, TV shows and even movies. Voting Pallet/ Poll:   The voting function in Edmodo allows the teacher to check Students comprehension at the end of a lesson. When students receive a question as a Poll, they dont get to see what others have chosen until they post their response, which makes this function a true simultaneous reflection of students understanding. Another use for this function is to check Students background on a topic before class, which helps the teacher in planning. Finally, its an easy and immediate way to receive Students feedback. Sharing files: teacher and students can share almost any file types. This facilitates the exchange of files in the class as Students can download the files before coming to class or preview them within the platform. In addition, the students can publish their weekly audio journals on Edmodo. MP3 files can be played automatically without having to download, which allows for immediate interaction with audio material published on the group wall. Embedding: Edmodo allows the teacher to embed any presentation, video or multimedia that comes with an embedding code, which has reduced the need to visit other platforms. The teacher embed flashcards from www.quizlet.com, video tutorials from www.screencast.com as well as Google presentations to share material with the students. During the math class the teacher was explaining how to solve absolute value equations. He was not using the traditional way, like solving on the board. He was using the smart board and the projector, while the students were using their laptops. He designed a software to solve such equations by using animations , different colors and different shapes so the students can understand and be familiar with the subject in an easier way. This program was sent to the students via email that was created by the school. This is a nice interactive way between the teacher and the students so they can communicate between each other not necessary during the school but at anytime outside the school. The teacher also used the math blog that was designed by the school to upload materials related to the subject. The student in this case can go to this blog at anytime to check and download this material that helps to understand the material. Also the teacher was using the smart and wireless pad. This pad was used by the teacher during passing between the students so he can access the board by writing on the board while explaining or moving from slide to another without the need of going back to the board and computer. This tool helps to be closer to the students specially the weak ones and this makes the interaction between the teacher and the student more effective. 5. Conclusion: Due to the rapid development of information technology and technology of education, it was not feasible to keep the teacher away from the technical scene, which has become an irreversible reality, so be the only option is to move to the era of technology itself, so that it can meet the challenges posed by the intelligence of the student, and his knowledge in every new in the world of technology, and his use of modern complicated means of communication. The supporters of technology in education are keen to emphasize that the use of modern technology does not eliminate the role of the teacher, but on the contrary, will continue his role forever, but it will become more difficult because the teacher is the essence of the educational process, and should be up to date for every new, and flexible to be creative and innovate, and can manage the work ably. So the career of teaching became a combination of the tasks of the leader, and critic and the router in order to be able to face the age requirements and its challenges and what is called globalization with its cultural, social and economic challenges. The success of the teacher is related to the best use of technology by transforming the classroom from place where the information is transmitted in one direction, from teacher to student, to a learning environment characterized by dynamic, and student-centered, where students can interact between each others as groups and with another classes from around the world via internet, and follow the teaching skills that take into account the needs and expectations of diverse and disparate recipients, and to develop a practical understanding of technology education with the continuous focus on the educational role of his personal.